OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 85 



rK^tT 1 - 5 - 157 S a; . E / ephantine by Num or Agathodsmon; Crocodilopolis by Seb or Saturn- 

 pos y sSLd y obe S Iiski " y TyPh ° n; Th6beS ' PerhaP§ by H ° rUS ' ^ k '" kn0W "> that Sais "" 



" 2 i B 8 l B ^ C ; = / St r" ° f Tai - kan S' ofthe Hj a" or Third dynasty- (Chinese chron. table). 

 _ 2168 B. C. (= 43d year of Sesurtesen," Birch), death of Ameni, a military officer whose tomb 

 is conspicuous in the series at Benihassan from the columns supporting the entrance :- supposed 

 to have given r.se a thousand years later to the - Doric architecture " of the Greeks 



In this or another tomb of the same series, all excavated under the Twelfth dynasty, an astro- 

 nomical date is given: which has been determined by Biot at "about 2200 B. C.» -(Champoll 

 Figeac anc. Eg. p. . . ). v F 



The Indian bullock (Rosellin. m. civ. pi. 20), distinguished by its hump, is figured hi one of the 

 tombs at Benihassan : - and under the Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties is always in a distant 

 country invaded by the Egyptians, used even for drawing cars (as to the present day in Hindustan) 

 Eastward, the bullock is mentioned in the Sama Veda (transl. Stev.), Institutes of Menu (transl 

 bramm and Mason); and though not met with in the Budhist cave-temples, I found caparisoned 

 Indian bullocks figured in the Braminical cave-temples at EUora. The voice of the living animal 

 I often had occasion to remark, is only a sort of grunt, entirely distinct from the lowing of our own 

 domestic cattle. (See Socotra). 



As the military expeditions of Sesurtesen were exclusively directed Southward, the above figure 

 seems to imply that Hindu merchants were already settled around the entrance to the Red Sea — 

 In expeditions under the Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties, clearly directed Eastward, the humped 

 or Indian bullock is owned by a nation clad in a long narrow scarf wound like a bandage around the 

 body (a Hindu costume observed by myself at Bombay, but at present confined to females) : and in 

 the tomb of Ramessu III., the nation wearing this winding scarf represents one of the four geograph- 

 ical divisions ofthe World known to the Egyptians. 



Sixty fourth generation. May 1st, 2167, mostly beyond youth : 



The same year = "44th year of Sesurtesen" (the latest date in his reign found on the monu- 

 ments) and "2d year of Amunemhat II.," on a stela — now in Leyden (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 563). 



2164 B. C. (= 2210— "46 years " of the Maneth. tables, the Turin papyrus giving 

 — "45 " = 2165), accession of Ammanemes, third king of the Twelfth dynasty. 

 " Thirty-eight " years are assigned to his reign in the Maneth. tables ; the Turi.n 

 papyrus being in this place defective. The name of king Amunemhat II. occurs in 

 one of the tombs at Benihassan, and on other contemporaneous monuments : — also 

 in later times, in the chamber of kings at Karnak, and on the tablet at Abydos. 



"2159 B. C. = 1st year of Tchoung-kang, of the Hia" or Third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 

 " 2157 B. C. = 3d year of Tchoung-kang" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Ninth cycle. 

 "2155 B. C." (Li-tai-ki-sse, Chinese chron. table, Gaubil astron. Chin., and Pauth.), eclipse of 

 the sun, historically recorded in China. It took place (according to the Chou-king) in "the first 

 years of Tchoung-kang; " and the two astronomers were put to death for not having predicted it. 



2150 B. C. = "nineteenth year of Amunemhat II.," in one of the tombs at Benihassan, Khnum- 

 hetp appointed chief of the district of Menat-Khufu — or Minieh (Birch). 



"2146 B. C. = 1st year of Siang, of the Hia" or Third dynasty (Chinese chron. table) ; and a 

 "son of Tchoung-kang" (Pauth.). 



"2145 B. C. = "24th year of Amunemhat II.," in the tomb of Khnumhetp at Benihassan, mining 

 operations commenced at Sarabit-el-Khadim in the Sinai peninsula — (Birch). 

 Sixty-fifth generation. Sept. 1st, 2134, mostly beyond youth : 



The same year = " 35th year of Amunemhat II." on the monuments — (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 562). 

 2126 B. C. (=2210 — "46 — 38 years " of the Maneth. tables, the " 44th year of 

 Amunemhat II." at Wady Maghara = 2125), Amunemhat II. "put to death by his 

 own eunuchs?' He was succeeded by S£s6stris, fourth king of the Twelfth dynasty ; 

 to whose reign " Nineteen " years are assigned in the Turin papyrus. The name of 

 king Sesurtesen II. occurs in one of the tombs at Benihassan, and on some other 

 contemporaneous monuments (Leps. k. pi. 12) : — and is next in the order of succession in the tab- 

 let at Abydos. 



2125 B. C. (= 1613 y. 2 mo. -)- "511 years" of Manetho in Jos. c. A. i. 14), beginning of the 

 Hyksos intrusion : 



The first entrance of a body of foreigners into Egypt is represented in the tomb of Khnumhetp 

 at Benihassan; dated (according to Lepsius eg. and sin. in) in the "sixth" year of Sesurtesen II. 

 ( — 2121 B. C). The strangers, clearly of the White Race, aie termed "captives" (a point of agree- 



