9° CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Bupleurum aristatum of . . . Imbedded fragments in the brick — identified by Unger. 

 Chrysanthemum segetum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain gules or gowles or 

 goulans or gowan or golds or goldin or goldings or corn-marigold or yellow ox-eye (Prior), in Ger- 

 many "goldblume" (Grieb), in Greece " tzitzimvola " or " koukouvagia" (Sibth.), in Egypt "gahvan" 

 (Forsk.), and imbedded fragments in the brick — identified by Unger : C. segetum was observed by 

 Forskal around Alexandria (but Forskal's plant is referred by Delile to C. coronarium). Farther 

 North, was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in waste places. and cultivated 

 ground from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; by Grisebach, in somewhat wilder situations, but 

 according to Ledebour becomes rare towards Caucasus, occurring in cultivated ground only (A. Dec). 

 Westward, is termed " ch. folio minus secto glauco " by Tournefort inst. 492; was observed by 

 Forskal on Malta, everywhere frequent; by Gussone, in open situations and cultivated ground on 

 Sicily ; by Moris, in like situations on Sardinia ; and is known to occur as a weed in cultivated 

 ground only in Italy, Algeria, Spain, and throughout middle Europe as far as Sweden and Russia 

 (fl. Dan. pi. 995, and A. Dec). 



Chenopodium murale of the Mediterranean countries. A species of goose-foot called in Egypt 

 " menteneh " fetid (Del.), and imbedded fragments in the brick — identified by Unger ■ the living 

 plant was observed by Delile around Cairo ; was received by A. Richard from Abyssinia ; and by 

 Jacquin rar. ii. pi. 345 from Guinea (Pers.). Northward, was observed by Sibthorp along walls at 

 Constantinople. Westward, is termed " c. pes anserinus secundus " by Tournefort inst. 506; was 

 observed by Desfontaines i. 214 about walls in Algeria ; and is known to occur in like situations 

 throughout Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Bergeret phyt. pi. . . , Curt. Iond. vi. pi. 20, A. Dec, 

 and Wats.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America (Wats ), where according 

 to A. Gray, and Chapman, though " rare," it continues to occur about dwellings from Boston and 

 New York to Florida; was also carried to South America (Wats.). 



2070 B. C. (=710 4- " 1360 years " of Ctesias, or " 1000 years " of Ctesias — 877th -)- 1237 years 

 enumerated = 1360 even in Eusebius, who in i. p. 44 gives 1247 enumerated years — (- 43 — (— 776 = 

 2066), beginning of Assyrian history. — The date is confirmed, by "the increasing power of the 

 Assyrians " proving a source of anxiety to the first Hyksos king of Egypt, less than two centuries 

 later (see below). 



The same year (=2126 — "48 — 8 years " of the Maneth. tables), Lahares suc- 

 j ceeded by AmSres, sixth king of the Twelfth dynasty. " Eight " years only are 

 assigned to the reign of Ame'res in the Afr.-Maneth. table ; but the Turin papyrus 

 though partially defective in this place, affords evidence, that he reigned at least forty 

 years. The name of Amunemhat III. Ma-en-ra occurs at Wadi Maghara, Sarbut-el- 

 Chadem, and Hamamat (Leps. d. ii. pi. 137 and 138) : — and in after times, in the chamber of kings 

 at K.unak, and in the order of succession on the tablet at Abydns. 



That this king is the Moeris of the Greeks, appears from Diodorus ; who enumerates inclu- 

 sively " eighty-three " kings from Menes, in entire accordance with Manetho (Leps. krit. .). 



In the Afr -Maneth. table, the building of the Labyrinth is attributed to the fifth king Lahares; 

 but in the Euseb.-Maneth. table, to " Lamaris " holding possibly the sixth place. The builder is 

 called " Moeris " (by Lyceas of Naucrates) : and (according to Dindorus i. 97) king " Marus " was 

 also called " Menthes ; " while (according to Strabo xvii. 1.37) king ■• Imanthes " built both the 

 Labyrinth and pyramid. According however to Lepsius eg. and sin. p. 14 and 91, the splendid 

 temple built by " Amenemhe " in front of the pyramid, — afterwards became the centre of the Laby- 

 rinth : but the statement of Herodotus, That the Labyrinth was built by the dodecarchs preceding 

 Psammetichus, has not been refuted. 



2069 B. C. = " 2d year of Amunemhat III.," at Wadi Maghara, the mines there still worked — 

 (Birch). 



Sixty-seventh generation. May 1st, 2067, mostly beyond youth : 



2062 B. C. = "9th year of Amunemhat III.," in the quarries at Hamamat — (Birch). 

 " 2057 B. C. = 1st year of Tchou, of the Hia " or Third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 

 The same year = " 14th year of Amunemhat III.," commissioners sent to Samneh to examine 

 and mark the height attained by the Nile (Birch). " From the time of Moeris " (according to He- 

 rodotus . . . ), the annual risings of the Nile were recorded in distinct numbers. The " laro- e foun- 

 dation" of the temple of Kummeh at Samneh was ascertained by Lepsius to be the earliest mlotneter ■ 

 the name of Amunemhat III. occurring in inscriptions marking the highest risings : '' eighteen" mark- 

 ings remained, demonstrating that in his reign the river rose there " twenty-six feet ei<*ht inches " above 

 the greatest floods of the present day ; and that its mean level was "twenty-three feet ten inches" 

 higher than at present. — Farther down the river on the brink of the First cataract, as remarked by 

 Horner, the buildings on Philae show that the river-bed has continued essentially unchanged for the 

 last "twenty-two hundred" years (Leps. eg. and sin. p. 20 and 509 to 52S). Yet farther down the 



