OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 95 



tables, the hieroglyphic ovals on the monuments seem to belong to legitimate Egyptian kings, who 

 maintained their line of succession together with some authority, especially in Upper Egypt. 



Seventy-third generation. May 1st, 1867, mostly beyond youth : 



As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables), Dacsha reigning in Hindustan. — He is 

 mentioned in the Puranas (Bentley as. res. viii. p. 230). 



1864 B. C. (= 1413 -(- "348+ 103 years" of the Egyptian Chronicle and Euseb.-Maneth. 

 table = 1613 .. 2 mo. + "250 yrs " of the same table), accession of the Fifteenth dynasty. 



The title "ra * * *" of a king of the Fourteenth dynasty not recognized on con- 

 temporaneous monuments, — is in about this place in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 

 The last war of Ninus ; against the Bactrians, and their chief city captured through 

 the agency of Semiramis, who became his wife. The Bactrian king Oxyartes is called 

 "Zoroaster" by Ctesias, Cephalion, and Justinus i. 1 (see above, Zoroaster). 

 (= 1820 -f- "42 years" of Ctes., Cast , Diodor. ii. 20, Euseb. i. and ii., and Syncell), 

 Ninus succeeded by his wife Semiramis, now Assyrian empress. 



Semiramis invading Hindustan was opposed by Stavrovates with war elephants — (Ctes. assyr. 

 ii. 16) : the Indian elephant, E. Indicus, is figured in the cave-temples at Adjunta used for riding 

 and for killing tigers ; also, in Braminical cave-temples ; was employed in warfare against Alexander 

 and the Greeks ; is mentioned in the Institutes of Manu, and in the Sama Veda (Stev.). Westward, 

 the young elephant led in the Tribute-procession to the Egyptian king Tutmes III., is clearly the 

 Indian species ; subsequently by the successors of Alexander imported in numbers for the purposes 

 of warfare in the Mediterranean countries ; so that even in Italy, the Romans were obliged to fight 

 against elephants. 



Bambusa (Dendrocalamus) ballcooa of Tropical Eastern Asia. The giant bamboo, perhaps the 

 "kalamou" of which the boats on the Indus were made — (Ctes. assyr. ii. 17) : boats in India made 

 of a joint of "kalamou" are mentioned by Herodotus iii. 98: the large kind of bamboo called 

 " kuttung," sometimes " ten inches in diameter," was seen by Temple only on the Deo and Sonar 

 tributaries of the Godavery; and D. ballcooa, "from its size" and strength, is regarded by Roxburgh 

 as perhaps preferable to any other kind for house-building (Drur.). Farther East, a large kind of 

 bamboo is mentioned in the Chou-King as growing in the Southern provinces of China (Pauth. 48) ; 

 var. "maxima" was seen by Loureiro in Anam ; by Mason v. 525, in Burmah, having joints "from 

 twenty to twenty-four inches in length and as much as thirty-six inches in circumference." 



Bambusa (Dendrocalamus) strictus of Eastern Hindustan. Called male bamboo, in Telinga 

 " sadanapa vedroo " (Drury), and probably furnishing the spears of the army opposing Semiramis : — 

 the male " kalamos inthikos " is described by Theophrastus iv. 11. 13 as " stereos " solid : D. strictus 

 was observed by Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 80 in Coromandel, growing in drier situations than other bam- 

 boos, "very straight," and having " great strength and solidity " much used by the natives "for spears, 

 shafts, and similar purposes " (Stewart punj., and Drur.). 



Bambusa (Melocanna) baccifera of mountainous situations in Chittagong. A bamboo called 

 there " pagu-tullu," in Bengalee " bish-bansh," in Malabar "beesha," in Travancore "vaysha" or 

 "vay" (Drur.); and probably furnishing bows and arrows to the army opposing Semiramis: — the 

 bows and arrows of the Indian auxiliaries in the army of Xerxes were of "kalamou" (Herodot. . ) : 

 the "katthaka" reed bearing fruit to its own destruction, is mentioned in the Dhammapada 164: M. 

 baccifera was observed by Pierard wild in mountainous situations in Chittagong, and in common use 

 for every purpose of building, arrows and bows according to Roxburgh cor. iii. pi. 243 made from 

 the stems by the natives, "and pens from the younger shoots; by Drury, "very common on the 

 Travancore hills, growing also in the low country," perishing after yielding its remarkable large 

 pendulous fruit, its leaves placed "on verandahs and roofs of houses to keep away the white ants ; " 

 by Rheede v. pi. 60, in Malabar; but only "in 1833," according to Graham, was introduced into the 

 environs of Bombay. 



Sanseviera Zeyla7iica of Ceylon and Tropical Hindustan. The bow-string hemp is called in 

 Bengalee "moorga" or "moorgavee," in Tamil " marul " (Royle), in Telinga "saga" or "chaga" 

 (Drury), and may have furnished the string sending the arrow with which Semiramis was wounded 

 — (Ctes'. assyr. ii. 19) : the sacrificial zone of the military class according to the Institutes of Manu 

 should be of "murva" (W. Jones) : S. Zeylanica, affording one of the strongest fibres known, is 

 "common " on Ceylon (Royle fibr.) ; is known to grow also on the Dindigul hills and as far as Bengal 

 (Drur) ; was observed by Garrow "in 183 1 " growing "wildly and profusely in all the moist woods 

 of the neighbourhood "of Cuttack ; is made into paper at Trichinopoly ; was observed by Rheede 

 xi pi 42 hi Malabar; by Law, "on rocks at Badamee " in the Bombay district, but by Graham 218 

 and -^"only in " gardens." Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet pi. 256, and Miller. 



"1857 B. C. = 23d year of Koung-hia " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Fourteenth 

 cycle. 



