OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



97 



A king of the Fifteenth dynasty, — is designated by his erased title next in the order 

 of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



1810 B. C. (= 1773 y- 5 m °. -\- " 36 y. 7 mo." of Manetho in Jos. c. A. i. 14), acces- 

 sion of the Hyksos king Apahnas. 



Another king of the Fifteenth dynasty — is designated by his erased title next in the 

 order of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



P ten's aquilina of sparsely-wooded districts all over the Globe. Called in Britain 

 brakes or bracken, in Sweden "braakin" (Prior), in France "fougeraie" (Nugent), in Ger- 

 V J \ J many "gemeiner farm" (Fraas) or "adlerfarn," in Italy "felce maggiore " or "felce ira- 

 \"^ - /""^ periale " (Lenz), in Greece " pteris " (Sibth.), and according to Syn. Diosc. by the Egyp- 

 tians ^ " aima onou " — (growing in Palestine), and observed by Forskal on the mountains of Tropical 

 Arabia. Farther North, the " ptgrin " is enumerated by Epicharmus as edible ; by Dioscorides as grow- 

 ing in rocky and mountainous situations, stemless without flower or fruit, leaves incised like a wing and 

 on a stalk a cubit high, root longish and black, superficial, somewhat astringent, and given against tape- 

 worm : P. aquilina was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in mountain- 

 ous and certain open situations from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus and Constantinople. Westward, 

 the "ptgris" is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "philikem" of the Romans; the " filicetum " or 

 " filictum " is mentioned by Columella ; the " urenda filix " by Horace ; one of the two kinds being 

 according to Pliny xxvii. 55 the " pten'n " of the Greeks : P. aquilina is termed "filix ramosa major 

 pinnulis obtusis non dentatis " by Tournefort inst. 536; was observed by Desfontaines in Barbary; 

 is known to grow on the Canaries, where " a miserable sort of bread is made by mixing the flour " 

 with barley meal (Lindl.) ; and from Italy throughout middle- Europe as far as Sweden (Engl. bot. pi. 

 1679). Farther West, is frequent in the wooded portion of North America from Canada to Arkansas 

 and the Mexican Gulf (Nutt, Chapm., and myself). In the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere, was 

 observed by myself in many distant parts of the Globe, its rhizoma constituting the principal food of 

 the New Zealanders. The Greek name is derived by Smith from the rhizoma cut across having " a 

 branched appearance, resembling a spread-eagle " (Lindl.). 



Plantago media of Europe and Northern Asia Called in Italy "piantaggine media" or "petac- 

 ciola " (Lenz) in Britain lamb's tongue (Prior), and from the character of the leaves deserving the 

 name: possibly the Egyptian " asonth " or "asoeth" (Syn. Diosc.) or "asout" from "gsfiou" 

 sheep — (Kirch.), for " P. media ? " called " bizr bslledi " was observed by Forskal on the mountains 

 of Tropical Arabia. Farther North, the "arnoglosson mikron " as described by Dioscorides has nar- 

 rower softer and more tender leaves ; and the " plantago minor " by Pliny xxv. 39 as having leaves 

 "linguae pecorum simillimis : " P. media is termed "p. latifolia incana " by Tournefort inst. 126; 

 was observed by Sibthorp in pasture-land around Constantinople ; and is known to grow in like situ- 

 ations from Italy throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan pi. 581, and Pers. ; see P. 

 major) 



Tribulus terrestris of the Desert and its borders from the Atlantic to Hindustan and Lake 

 Baikal. Called in Italy "tribolo" or " tribolo terrestre " (Lenz), in Greece " trivoli," or by the Turks 

 "demio dikieni " (Sibth.), in Egypt " kharchoum el-nageh," or by the Nubians " kenyssa kou " (Del.), 

 in Tropical Arabia " kotaba " (Forsk.), in Egyptian "se>oji" — (transl. Matth.) : the " trivolos " is 

 mentioned in the Septuagint translation of Hosea x. 8, and in Matthew vii. 16, as' growing in Pales- 

 tine : T. terrestris was observed by Delile in both Lower and Upper Egypt, by Forskal p. 88 in 

 Tropical Arabia, by Denham in Nigritia, and was received by A. Richard from Senegal and Abys- 

 sinia. Northward and Westward from Egypt, the "trivolos" is mentioned by Aristophanes lys. 

 576; by Theophrastus vi. 5 as having " £r£vinthos "-like leaves; the " trivolos hJrsaios " by Dios- 

 corides as growing about houses and along rivers ; the " tribulus " by Virgil, geor. i. 153, and as a 

 weed in gardens by Pliny xviii. 44 to xxii. 12 : T terrestris is described by Lobel pi. 84, and Morison 

 ii. pi. 8; is termed " t. terrestris ciceris folio seminum integumento aculeato " by Tournefort inst. 

 266; was observed by Desfontaines in Barbary; by Lenz in Italy; by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and 

 Fraas, frequent in waste and cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to the Dardanelles; is known 

 to grow in Southern Russia and from Caucasus along the border of Siberia as far as Lake Baikal 

 (Ledeb.) ; was received by Fischer from Thibet ; and was observed by myself, indigenous on the 

 Deccan. In Austral Africa, may have arrived without European intervention ; but clearly by Euro- 

 pean colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Drege, Boj., and A. Dec). 



Cmtoii (Crosopliora) tinctorium of the Northern border of the Desert from Barbary to Arabia. 

 Called in France " tournesol "'(Pers.), in Greece " sklarohorto " or " agriophasoulia " (Forsk.) or 

 " agriophaskia " (Sibth.), in Egypt "ghobbeyreh" (Del.), in which we recognize the Egyptian 

 " h6upe> " — identified with "cupressus herba"in lex. Oxf. p. 80 : C. tinctorium was observed by 

 Forskal, and Delile, around Cairo ; and according to Clot-Bey ii. 38, oil is made from its seeds. 

 Farther North, is described by Gesner, Lobel, and Camerarius ; is termed " ricinoides ex qua para- 



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