98 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



tur tournesol Gallorum " by Tournefort inst. 655; was observed by Forskal, Sibtborp, and ChaubarJ, 

 frequent from the Peloponnesus and Crete to the Dardanelles ; is known to grow also in Bnrbary 

 (Pers.) ; is besides cultivated in Southern France "for the deep purple dye called turnsole" and its 

 seeds ground " and mixed with oil are employed as a cathartic " (Lindl). 



Croton (Crozophora) villasum — described as distinct, and called in Greece " eliotropion " 

 (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the " heliotropium " worn by the Magians in intermittent fevers, and 

 termed " tricoccum " by Pliny xxii. 29 : the " herba Solaris " of Celsus v. 27 may also be compared, 

 as well as the " solago minor" of Apuleius 63 : C. villosum is termed "ricinoides ex qua paratur 

 tournesol Gallorum folio oblongo et villoso " by Tournefort cor. 45, and was observed by him, Sib- 

 thorp, and Chaubard from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands. 



Croton (Crocophora) plicatum of Tropical Arabia. An allied species — called in Hindustanee 

 " souballi," in Bengalee " khoodi-okra " (Drur.), in Nubia " qoddeh " (Del): observed by Delile 

 from Cairo to Nubia, where it is called " qoddeh ; '' by myself, a weed in cultivated ground in Upper 

 Egypt. Eastward, is known to grow in Yemen (Pers.) ; was received by N. L. Burmann pi. 62 from 

 Hindustan; was observed by Graham around Bombay, " common on rice fields in the cold weather," 

 by myself occurring as a weed only ; by Drury, " common in the Peninsula ; " by Roxburgh, and 

 Ainslie as far as Bengal and Behar. 



As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables), Vrishaparvan reigning in Hindustan; a 

 grandson of Dacsha — according to the Puranas (Bentley as. res. viii. p. 230). 



Seventy-fifth generation. Jan. rst, 1800, mostly beyond youth : 



" 1797 B, C = 22d year of Kie-kouei " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Fifteenth cycle. 



"In the time of the Hia " (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 472), arrival in China of "islanders, 

 bringing as tribute garments embroidered with flowers." 



Chrysanthemum Indicum of Japan. Called in English gardens Christmas flower (Graham) 

 from flowering late, in Egypt " karaoue " (Clot-Bey), in the environs of Bombay "gool daodee " (Gra- 

 ham), in Japan '' kikokf ' or "kiku" (Thunb.), and probably the flower copied on the embroidered 

 garments : * — was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, wild in Japan, cultivated besides around 

 dwellings. Westward, the " kiu-hoa " flower was embroidered on dresses of the Chinese empress 

 ami ladies of the court under the Tcheou dynasty, is mentioned also in the Chin-nong herbal, Eulh- 

 ya dictionary, Tchun-tsieou of Confucius, and in Li-ki (Cibot mem. Chin, iii.) : was observed by 

 Mason " exotic " in Burmah ; by Rumphius v. pi. 91, in the Malayan archipelago ; by Rheede x pi. 

 44, in Malabar; by Graham " very common in gardens " around Bombay, and by myself, flowers 

 among temple-offerings on the Deccan. Farther West, was observed by Clot-Bey in Egypt, where 

 it seems recently introduced, having perhaps previously reached France (Bomatuelle journ. hist. nat. 

 ii. and Pers ). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent 

 in greenhouses and gardens. 



" In the time of Oanamuchi-no-mikoto, long before the historical period " (old Jap. legends, and 

 Jap. centen. comm. 59), pottery invented in Japan by Oosei-tsumi, — "afterward honored with the 

 divine appellation of Kami." 



The title " ra-chu-te-ti " of a king of the Fifteenth dynasty not found on contem- 

 poraneous monuments, — is next in succession in the chamber of kings at Karn.ik. 

 17S5 B. C. (= 1815 — "30 years " of Gen. xi. iS), Reu born to Peleg. 

 " 1783 B. C. = 1st year of Tching-tang" — (Chinese chron. table). 

 N— ^ 1782 B. C. (= 1752 -(- "30 years" of Euseb. i. and ii., and Syncell.), accession of 

 Arius as Assyrian emperor. He is called Areius by Julius Africanus. 



1773 B. C. (= 1712 y. 5 mo. -\- "61 yrs " of Manetho in Jos. c. A. i. 14), accession of the 

 Hyksos king Apophis. 



The title " ra-meri-atep " of a king of the Fifteenth dynasty not found on contem- 

 poraneous monuments, — is next in the order of succession in the chamber of kings 

 at Karnak. 



Seventy-sixth generation. May 1st, 1767, mostly beyond youth : 

 ^—y ' 1766 B. C. = 18th year of Tching-tang; who vanquishing Kie," now becomes the 



* Crids rcvoluta of Subtropical Japan. Called " sotetsu," three to five feet high, with its palm- 

 like trunk a foot or more in diameter crowned with long feathery fronds, and from early times culti- 

 vated in gardens — (Jap. c. c. 35): observed by Cleyer iii. 3. 118 (Sprcng), and Kaempfer S97 in 

 Japan ; by Thunberg trav. and fl. growing spontaneously and often cultivated, its fruit edible, and its 

 sago-like pith so remarkably nutrient in small quantities that carrying the plant out of the country 

 ■is prohibited by law. A description however of the " tetsjoe " is given by Rumphius i. pi. 24. Ac- 

 cording to Lindley, "the wounded stem, leaves and fruit, abound in a white transparent mucilage, 

 which hardens into a sort of gum." 



