OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



99 



head of the new dynasty of the Chang. Tching-tang changed the name of the years to " sse," after 

 the four annual sacrifices at the solstices and equinoxes (Chinese chron. table) : and ordered, "that 

 the twelfth moon or month of the Hia should be the first of the civil year of the Chang." — A prac- 

 tice from this time adopted on change of dynasty. 



/' N 1 761 B. C. (== 1 41 3 -)- " 348 years " of the Egyptian Chronicle and Euseb.-Maneth. 

 table, the Afr.-Maneth. table giving 1614 -{- " 151 y " = 1765, and Ramessu II. at San 

 1366 -|- "400 yrs " to the reign of the Hyksos king Seti or Saites = 1766), accession 

 of the Sixteenth dynasty. The title " ra-s . . -en-ra," by the change in style, seems 

 — ^^ to indie ite a new dynasty : is not found on contemporaneous monuments, — and is 

 next in the order of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables), Yayati reigning in Hindustan. He mar- 

 ried Devayani grand-daughter of Bhrigu, and Sarmishta great grand-daughter of Dacsha. Bhrigu, 

 Yayati, Devayani, and Sarmishta, — are mentioned also in the Puranas (Bentley as. res. viii. p. 244). 

 " 1753 B. C. = 1st year of Tai'-kia, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 

 The same year (= 1785 — " 32 years " of Gen. xi. 20), Serug born to Reu. 

 1752 B. C. (= 1712 -|- "40 years" of Euseb. i. and ii., and Syncell.), accession of Aralius or 

 Amvrus, as Assyrian emperor. 



The name and title of king Rahotep, of the Sixteenth dynasty, occurs on contempo- 

 raneous monuments : — and a different form of apparently the same title, is next in the 

 order of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak (Leps. k. pi. 15). 



" 1737 B. C. = 17th year of Tai'-kia" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Six- 

 teenth cycle. 



A third king of the Sixteenth dynasty, — is designated by his obliterated title next 

 in order of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



"1736 B. C. = the Seventh manwantara " among the Hindus (Graha Munjari 

 . tables). King Turvasu may have been at this time reigning. He is mentioned in the 

 - *■— ' Sama Veda iii. 9 (tra'nsl. Stev.); and as the son of Yayati and Devayani, in the Pura- 

 nas ; his brother Yadu, and half-brothers Druhya, Anu, and Puru, are also mentioned in the Puranas 

 (Bentley as. res. viii. p. 230). 



Seventy-seventh generation. Sept. 1st, 1734, mostly beyond youth : 



/ "\ A fourth king of the Sixteenth dynasty, — is designated by his obliterated title next 

 in order of succession in the chamber of kings at Karnak. 



Artemisia absinthium of the Uralian plains. Called in Britain wormwood, in Anglo- 

 Saxon "wermod" or " wyrm-wyrt," in Germany "wermut," in Old High German 

 V-.^ v- y "werimuota," in Old Saxon " weremede " (Prior), in France "absinthe" (Nugent), in 

 Italy "assenzio" or "assenzio romano " (Lenz), in Greece "apsinthia" (Fraas), in Egyptian " somi " 

 (Syn. Diosc ), "shSm" meaning garden — (transl. Sept., and Luke xiii. 19): the " apsinthion " was 

 known to Athenaeus iv. 9. in Egypt ; A absinthium is enumerated by Clot-Bey as long known there ; 

 its alkali "melh afsantin " was found by Forskal mat. med. employed medicinally; and absinth cor- 

 dial was found by myself well known to the Egyptians. Farther North, the " apsinthiS " is mentioned 

 by Euripides, Diphilus, by Theophrastus ix. 18 as growing in Pontus, by Dioscorides as excessively 

 bitter and placed among clothing to keep out moths, employed besides medicinally and mixed in a 

 wine used in Thrace and around the Propontis : A. absinthium is known to grow in the Crimea 

 (Lindl.) ; was observed by Gmelin ii. pi. 63 in Siberia ; by Forskal, in the gardens of Constantinople ; 

 and by Fraas, seemingly wild on Naxos, Milos, and Santorin. Westward, " absinthium " was em- 

 ployed from the earliest times in the sacred rites of the Romans (Plin. xxvii. 28); is termed "ponti- 

 cum" by Cato, and Columella; is mentioned also by Lucretius, and Quintilian: A. absinthium is 

 mentioned by Macer Floridus, and in Ortus Sanitatis 3 (Prior) ; was observed by Lenz seemingly wild 

 in Italy ; is known to occur in Barbary (Lindl.), and in waste places throughout middle Europe as far 

 as Britain (Lam. fl. fr. 45, Pers., and Engl. bot. pi. 1230). By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, to Newfoundland (Lindl), observed by A. Gray in our Northern States, along 

 " road-sides, sparingly escaped from gardens." The plant according to Lindley " is a powerful bitter, 

 much extolled as a stomachic," employed also against worms, and said to be added by brewers "to 

 their hops," by " rectifiers to their spirits ; " yields "a very bitter alkali called absinthium," but the 

 so called salt of wormwood, procured usually from this herb, retains " none of its peculiar qualities." 

 Iris sambucina of the Mediterranean countries. Called in English gardens flower-de-luce, in 

 France "fleur-de-lis" (Nugent), in Germany " schwertlilie " (Grieb), in Greece " krinos,'' or by the 

 Turks "susen"(Sibth.), in Egypt " zambak " (Forsk.), in Egyptian " tshStshgn " — (transl. Sept.), a 

 name found besides in hieroglyphic characters by Champollion diet. 392 : the " shwshn " was modelled 

 in the ornamental work on Solomon's temple (1 K. vii. 19, and 2 Chron. iv. 5), is mentioned as grow- 

 ing in Palestine in Cant. ii. 1 to vii. 2, and Hosea xiv. 5 ; and the " krmon " wild in Palestine, in 



