102 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



at Verona "fragile de montagna," in other parts of Italy " corbezzolo " or " albatro " or " arbuto " 

 (Lenz), in Greece " lagomelia " or "koumaria" or by the Turks " chogia jemischi" (Sibth.), in which 

 we recognize the " arbutum " fruit eaten in the Golden Age — (Varro rust. ii. I): " komarophagoi " 

 are mentioned by ancient Greek writers ; the " komaros " by Aristophanes av. 621, Amphis, its fruit 

 according to Theophrastus iii. 16 edible and called " memaikulon ; " and "mSmaikula" are men- 

 tioned by Crates, Pherecrates, Eupolis, Theopompus, and Amphis : A. unedo was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Chaubard, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout Greece and the Greek islands ; by 

 Forskal, in gardens at Constantinople, its fruit though edible employed only for feeding pheasants. 

 Farther South, " mimaikula " are enumerated in the Scylacean Periplus 108 among trees planted in the 

 gardens of the Hesperides (West of Cyrene and Barke on the Tripolitan coast) ; and were known 

 to Athenaeus xiv in Egypt. Westward, the " comaron " of the Greeks is identified by Pliny with the 

 "arbutus'' or "unedo," bearing " fragis " that resemble those growing on the ground, a single one 

 sufficing; the "arbutus " is mentioned also by Virgil, Ovid, and Columella; A. unedo is termed "a. 

 folio serrato " by Tournefort inst. 598 ; is known to grow in Italy and other parts of Southern Europe, 

 and after a wide interval in Ireland (Pers., and A. Dec). According to Lindley, " wine is made from 

 the fruit in Corsica, but it is reported to be narcotic, if taken in quantity." (See Ficus vasta). 



Arbntus andrachne of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " agriokoumaria " 

 (Sibth.), and the fruit possibly eaten during the Golden Age : — the "anthrahle " is described by Theo- 

 phrastus iii. 16 as resembling in leaf and fruit the " komar6 " but a smaller tree, its bark smooth and 

 peeling off ; the " komaros " of Dioscorides having fruit as large as a plum " kokkomclou " and dis- 

 agreeing with the stomach when eaten, causing headache, is referred by Sibthorp to A. andrachne ; 

 the " adrachne " of the Greeks according to Pliny xiii. 40 and xvi. 33 is a tree growing not in the 

 open country but in the forest and resembling the " unedo," its leaves evergreen and smaller, he also 

 infers, xv. 28 from the two names ■' comaron " and " memecylon "' that there are two species : A. 

 andrachne is termed " a. folio non serrato " by Bauhin, and Tournefort cor. 41 (Pers ) ; was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, a fine tree on mountains from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek 

 islands to Cyprus and Smyrna. 



Sorbus dowcstua of the Mediterranean countries. Called in English gardens service tree from 

 the Latin " cerevisia," but in former times sorb (Prior), in Germany " speierbaum " (Grieb), in Italy 

 " sorbo " and its fruit " sorba " (Lenz), in Greece " sourmpa " or " skaroupa " (Sibth.), and probably 

 included among the " poma " berried fruits eaten during the Golden Age: — the " oua " of Hippo- 

 crates vict. acut. 405, Dioscorides, and Galen, or " oue em£re " and " agria " wild ahd cultivated of 

 Theophrastus ii. 12, is referred here by writers : S. domestica was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, 

 wild on mountains from the Peloponnesus and Greek islands to Athos, and Haemus ; by Forskal, in 

 the gardens of Constantinople, the fruit not ripening on the trees but gathered and protected by a 

 covering of garments. Westward, the "sorbus " according to Mago should be planted in moist cool 

 places (Plin. xvii. 11); is mentioned also by Cato, Varro, Celsus, Columella, Martial, Apicius, and 

 the kind with pear-shaped fruit " turbinatio piri " by Pliny xv. 23 ; perry or fermented cider " fermento 

 atque acidis iniitantur vitea sorbis " by Virgil geor. iii. 380 : " cerevisia " was known to Pliny xxii. 82 

 as a fermented drink used in <;aul and other provinces, is mentioned also by Isidorus : S. domestica 

 is termed " s. sativa " by Tournefort inst. 633 ; is known to grow wild in Italy (Lenz) and other parts 

 of Southern Europe (All., Jacq. austr. pi. 447, and Pers.) ; and according to Evelyn sylv. 15 "beer 

 brewed with these berries, being ripe, is an incomparable drink." 



The title " ra * " * " of a king of the Sixteenth dynasty not recognized on contem- 

 poraneous monuments, — is next in order of succession in the chamber of kings at 

 Karnak. 



Seventy-ninth generation. May 1st, 1667, mostly beyond youth : 

 V_y " 1666 B. C. = 1st year of Siao-kia, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



1663 B. C. (= 1613 y. 2 mo. + -49 y. 2 mo." of Manetho in Jos. c. A. i 14), accession of the 

 Hyksos king Assis. 



" 1649 B. C = 1st year of Young-ki, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 

 1(44 B. C. (= 1609 + "35 years " of Euseb. i. and ii., and Syncell.), accession of Belochus as 

 Assyrian emperor. 



1640 B. C. (= 991 -j- " 105 + 162 -f 382 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, compare 1071 -f- 

 "about 570 years " of Clint, i. p. 19), Inachus : the earliest name (according to Ocellus and others) 

 known to the Greeks. 



" 1637 B. C. = 1st year of Tai-wou, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 

 1635 B. C. --= " 3d year of Tai-wou " (Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 67), arrival at the court of Tai- 

 wou of ambassadors from " seventy-six foreign kingdoms : " interpreters were also present, to trans- 

 late what was said into Chinese. 



