OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



IO' 



Eightieth generation. Sept. ist, 1634, mostly beyond youth : Nahor the younger (Gen. xi. 26 to 

 29j_xxii. ^ and x *iv. 15), Seir the Horite (Gen. xxxvi. 20 and 1 Chron. i. 38). 



1628 B. C. (= 1613 y. 2 mo. -)- " 14 yrs " of the Armenian Euseb.-Maneth. table), 

 j accession of the Hyksos king Aphophis. The name and title of the Hyksos king 

 Apepi occurs on the monuments — (Leps. k. pi. 15). 



1624 B. C. (= 1694 — "70 years" of Gen. xi. 26), Terah "seventy years" old. 

 After the death of his son Haran, " Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of 

 Haran," and " Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram's wife," and they went forth " from Ur of 

 the_Chaldees," and " came unto Haran and dwelt there " (Gen. xi. 27 to 31, and Josh. xxiv. 2). 



Ra-sekenen Taakan ruling Upper Egypt and warring against the Hyksos king Ra- 



j apepi — (pap. Brit. mus.). Ra-sekenen was buried at Drah Abu-el-Neggah in the 



Assasif at Thebes, but his tomb has not yet been discovered (Birch). His name occurs 



in a tomb at El-Kab (observed by myself) ; also in the chamber of kings at Karnak, 



and the series at Der-el-Medinet 



El-Kab or Eileithya, unlike the other Egyptian cities being walled, has evidently been held by 



an armed force ; and the power of the Hyksos may thus have been prevented from extending farther 



up the river. 



" 1617 B. C = 21st year of Tai-wou " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Eighteenth cycle. 



" In the reign of Tai-wou" (Pauth. 68), death of Ou-hien, author of a "Catalogue of the stars :" 

 — quoted by Chinese astronomers of after times. 



1614 B. C. (= T574 y. 10 mo. -f- " 13 -\- 25 y. 4 mo." of Manetho in Jos. c. A. = 2015 — "402d 

 year of the Assyrian empire " in Clem. Alex., the " 32d year of the eighth Assyrian king Belochus " 

 of Clem. Alex, in Euseb. prap. x. p. 497 giving — 1644= 1613), at the end of "five hundred and 

 eleven years " and after protracted war, the Hyksos excluded from the greater part of Egypt, as far 

 as the before-mentioned stronghold of Auaris on the Northeastern frontier. The event is referred to 

 "the reign of Inachus at Argos and of Amosis in Egjpt" (by Ptolemaeus of Mendes as quoted by 

 Apion, Just. Mart., Tatian, and Clem. Alex. ; though confounded by him, Josephus, and others, with 

 the Jewish Exodus. Compare Gen. xii. 6). 



End of the Turin papyrus : some two hundred and fifty successive kings being enumerated ; of 

 whom the last " sixty-five " have been referred to the Hyksos period. — The papyrus was composed 

 under the " Nineteenth or Twentieth " dynasty (Leps. eg. and sin. p. 395, and C. Muller fr. Man. p. 

 563). Traditionary reminiscences of the Hyksos, are found in Gen. xlvi. and xlvii., and Herodot. 

 ii. 128. 



V. THE PHARAOHS. 



The Egyptian king who recovered his authority, is in the Maneth. tables called 

 AmSs or Am6sis. A portrait of king Aahmas occurs on a stela (now in the museum 

 at Marseilles) : and his name — is at the head of a new dynasty on the tablet at Aby- 

 dos, and in the series of kings at Gurna. 



The name of king Aahmas occurs also at El Kab, in the above-mentioned tomb of 

 an officer bearing the same name ; who witnessed the capture of Auaris, and whose father served 

 under Ra-sekenen. 



A striking change now takes place in Egyptian monumental history : temples are again erected, 

 Aahmas repairing that at Karnak — (Birch); figures of gods are no longer rare, but all sculptured 

 walls teem with manifestations of Polytheism ; while military campaigns cease to be conducted on foot : 

 The same tomb at El Kab contains figures of foreigners of the White Race in servitude, and of 

 the horse — (Leps. d. iii. pi. 10 and 12); the domesticated animal brought from perhaps Tartary : with 

 this acquisition, the Egyptians soon became a warlike conquering people, amply illustrating on their 

 monuments the so-called Heroic Age ; figures of the horse or accompaniments being very generally 

 present during this epoch. Joseph in Egypt rode in a chariot (Gen. xii. 43) ; the Egyptians in chariots 

 pursued the Israelites (Ex. xiv. 9) ; the war horse is described in Job xxxix. 19 to 25 : and horses 

 and chariots at the siege of Troy, are a constant theme with Homer. The horse bones among re- 

 mains of Swiss villages of the Stone Age (Heer and Troyon p. 273) may have been of the animal in 

 its wild state ; " ippous agrious " among the Alps, are mentioned by Polybius (Strab. iv. 6. 10) ; and 

 " equorum greges ferorum " herds of wild horses in the days of Pliny viii. 16 inhabited the North 

 "septemtrio" (meaning perhaps the plains of central and Eastern Europe). Farther East, the horse 

 seems known in China earlier than in Egypt, its sign occurring in the primitive characters of Chinese 

 writing (Pauth. p. 84): a dwarf breed, long introduced throughout the Malayan archipelago, was 

 observed by myself on Luzon ; in Hindustan, figures of horses and horsemen were observed by my- 

 self in the Budhist cave-temples at Adjunta, and the horse is mentioned in the Sama Veda (transl. 



