I IO CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



has no Sanscrit name (Roxb.), is called in Hindustanee "chuqandar" (D'roz.), in the environs of 

 Bombay sometimes "paluk"or "palung," the red-rooted variety observed by Graham " commonly 

 cultivated in gardens:" and farther East, B. vulgaris called "toodisia" was observed by Thunberg 

 under cultivation in Japan. By European colonists, was carried prior to 1656 to New England (poem 

 Bradf. in Hist. coll. iii. p. 77), where as well as throughout our Northern and Middle States it con- 

 tinues abundantly cultivated: the mangel wins?? variety, employed for feeding cattle, has also been 

 introduced, and continues to some extent cultivated. (See B. maritima). 



Myrtus communis of the borders of the Persian Gulf. Called in English gardens myrtle, in 

 France and Germany " myrte " (Nugent, and Grieb), in Italy " mirto " or ■' mortella " (Lenz), in Greece 

 "murton" or "mursine" (Sibth.), in Egypt "as" or " mersyn " (Del.); and possibly brought to 

 Egypt by the Expedition in question — (see Birch): branches carried by women are figured on a 

 monument of about this date (Rosselin. ii. 99), and according to Clot-Bey, branches are sold to the 

 present day and used in festivals by the Jews : the " mursine" was already in Egypt in the days of 

 Theophrastus, and Pliny xv. 37 ; and M. communis was observed there in gardens by Forskal, and 

 Delile. Farther North, its branches were strewn by Xerxes on his bridge across the Hellespont 

 (Herodot. vii. 54) ; were carried in Greek sacrificial processions in the days of Aristophanes vesp. 

 S6q ; the '' mursine " or " murtos " is mentioned also by Pherecrates, Euripides, Plato polit. ii. 372, 

 Philonides, and the "mursine e emSros " by Dioscorides: M. communis was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent and seemingly wild from the Peloponnesus throughout Greece and 

 the Greek islands. Westward, the " myrtus " is regarded by Pliny xv. 36 as foreign to Italy, first 

 seen on the tomb of Elpenor, but when Rome was founded growing already on its site ; is mentioned 

 also by Cato vi Ii. 2, Catullus, Horace, Columella, and as sacred to Venus by Virgil: M. communis 

 is described by Clusius hist. i. 67; is termed "m communis italica" by Tournefort inst. 640; was 

 observed by Lenz seemingly wild in Italy ; and has become abundantly naturalized throughout the 

 West Mediterranean countries (Chaubard), but its foliage and mode of flowering indicate Tropical 

 origin. Eastward from the .Mediterranean, was observed by Nearchus in a garden on the North 

 shore of the Persian Gulf (Arr. ind. 27) ; has no Sanscrit name (A. Dec), but is called in Hindustanee 

 " murd " or "as" (D'roz.); in the environs of Bombay "belatee mendie " and observed by Graham 

 " in gardens pretty common," but by myself only in a missionary garden on the Deccan. Farther 

 East, by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah. By European colonists, was carried to Macfeira (Lemann) ; 

 and to Northeast America, where it has become frequent in conservatories. 



Bosivellia glabra of Tropical Hindustan. A small tree called in the environs of Bombay " salai " 

 or " salphullie " and furnishing a portion of " the gum olibanum of commerce " (Graham) ; possibly 

 therefore the " incense trees " or frankincense brought by the above Expedition to Egypt — (see 

 Birch): the incense-burner is figured in the Asasif, and from this time becomes frequent on the mon- 

 uments (Leps. d. iii. pi. 19, 58, 71, and Champoll.-Fijeac pi. 86). Eastward, the incense-bearing tree 

 exuding its gum from branches snapped by elephants, is mentioned by the Sanscrit dramatist Bhava- 

 bhuti uttar. ii : B. glabra is described by Rumphius ii. pi. 50; was observed by Gibson, and Graham, 

 " common on the bare rocky hills of the Deccan," as well as "in the Sautpoora jungles " where the 

 gum may be bought in quantities at a cheap rate ; by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight, in central Hin- 

 dustan and as far as the Coromandel mountains ; its fragrant resin called " koondricum " is much 

 burnt as an incense in the religious ceremonies of the Hindoos, is collected largely by the Khoonds 

 an 1 Woodias in the extensive jungles in Goomsur and Cuttack provinces, and the same tribes in 

 times of famine live on a soup made from the fruit (rep. Mad. exhib., and Drur.). 



Boswellia thurifcra of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit " salaci," in Hindustanee 

 "luban" (Lindl.), in the environs of Bombay " dup salai " and furnishing the remaining portion of 

 "the gum olibanum of commerce" (Graham), from Bombay according to Royle the Indian olibanum 

 is chiefly exported: B. thurifera may therefore have furnished the frankincense for the incense-burner 

 figured in the Asasif, and that called in Egyptian " lav6 " (Edw.) or '' shedloouz " — (ms. Par.) : " Ibnh " 

 is mentioned by Moses levit. ii. to xxiv and num. v. 15. and according to Jeremiah vi 20 was brought 

 by Arab merchants; "livanos" brought by them, is mentioned by Herodotus iii. 107, Euripides, 

 Theophrastus ix. 4. 7, Eratosthenes, Strabo, and Dioscorides ; and the incense burned in Catholic 

 churches according to Colebrooke res. as. ix. 317 to xi. 15S is from B. thurifera. Eastward, the tree 

 was observed by Gibson, Law, Nimmo, and Graham, in the environs of Bombay and in the South- 

 ern Concan; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as the mountains of Coromandel; by Royle, common 

 in central Hindustan, extending not as far North as the preceding ; and according to Drury, is a large 

 tree, affording good timber, and its gum-resin is called in Bengal " koondooroo " or " fhundurus " 

 or " cundun." 



Eighty-second generation. May 1st, 1567, mostly beyond youth : Ishmael, Anah (Gen. xxxvi. 

 24 and 1 Chron. i. 41) : among the Greeks, Laodice mother of Apis and Niobe (Apollod. ii. 1). 



1563 B. C. (= 2016 — "453 years " of both the Maneth. tables), a date possibly marking the 



