114 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



continues among the Arabs the name of lead (Kitt. cycl. bibl. lit.). Under its Greek name 

 " molivthos " or "moluvthos," lead is mentioned by Herodotus iii. 56, Aristophanes, and Plato ; and 

 under its Latin name "plumbum," by Plautus, Terence, Lucretius, and Columella. "Ancient lead- 

 mines " in the mountains between the Nile and Red Sea, have been discovered by Burton ; and 

 "lead is also said to exist at a place called Sbeff, near Mount Sinai." 



" 1525 B. C. = 1st year of Ts-ou-y, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 



Other nations than the Egyptians now begin to furnish monumental history, and certain vases 

 manufactured under the Chang dynasty are regarded as the earliest Chinese works of art — extant 

 (Pauth. 201). 



There are also artificial works at Babylon, Nineveh, and in Syria and Greece, doubtless more 

 ancient than the last-named date ; «- but none have been traced with certainty so far back. Through- 

 out the vast variety of sculptures and inscriptions, Assyrian, Phoenician, Greek, and Italian, paintings 

 on pottery being included, the amount of information afforded on the subject of animals and plants 

 is surprisingly small. 



Henceforward, our principal dependence is on transmitted writings : for the lifetime of individ- 

 uals whose words are extant, is now reached ; — and eye-witnesses in each succeeding generation 

 can be consulted, down to the present day. 



In this year = " 30th of Tutmas III.," his sixth military campaign ; directed as usual Northward 

 and Eastward, but in the same year tribute was received from Ethiopia — (Birch). 



1522 B. C. = "33d year of Tutmas III.," his eighth military campaign: in which he found a 

 tablet of his father Tutmas I., and established a fleet on the Euphrates — (Birch). 



Besides lapis lazuli, "an artificial imitation of blue colour" moulded into the form of the head 

 of a ram was brought as tribute by the chief of Singara (and according to Birch various moulded 

 " specimens exactly alike as to material have been found on the banks of the Euphrates and the 

 Nile"). It is perhaps the blue earth resembling indigo, figured in baskets in the tribute-procession 

 to Tutmas III., — and mines of which are known to be worked on the Euphrates to the present day. 



1521 B. C. = "34th year of Tutmas III.," his ninth military campaign: and in the same year, 

 tribute was sent from Ethiopia and other countries — (Birch). 



1520 B. C. = "35th year of Tutmas III.," inscribed on the monuments, his tenth military cam- 

 paign : and in the same year, other tribute came from Ethiopia — (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 385, and 

 Birch). 



The same year (= 1493 y. n mo. -)- " 25 y. 10 mo." of Manetho in Jos. c. A. = 1417 -|- "37 

 — f- 3 r — |— 9 — (— 26 years " of the Afr.-Maneth. table, the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving — |— " 3S — (— 31 — [— 

 9 -j- 26 years" = 1521), accession of MepbramouthSsis or MisphragmouthSsis. Seemingly mark- 

 ing some event : the reign of Tutmas III. shown by the monuments to continue without interruption. 



In the procession of foreign nations bearing tribute to Tutmas III., the head and neck of a bird 

 prepared as a curiosity seems (from the copied figure in Champollion-Figeac pi. 61) that of the domes- 

 tic fowl, Gallus Bankivus ; and therefore from Burmah, — where according to Mason v. p. 229 the 

 bird occurs in its wild state : the domesticated bird was brought "from the West " into China B. C. 

 1400 (Chin, encycl.), and a proverb of the men of antiquity, " The hen should not crow, if the hen 

 crows the family is lost," is preserved in the Chou-King (Pauth. 77). Westward from Burmah, the 

 domesticated bird is mentioned in the Institutes of Manu as well known in Hindustan ; is figured 

 on Babylonian cylinders "between the Sixth and Seventh centuries B. C," and "on the Harpy tomb 

 in Lycia about 600 B. C." (Layard) ; but with the above exception is not figured on the Egyptian 

 monuments ; is not mentioned in the early portion of' the Hebrew Scriptures, nor by Hesiod, nor 

 Homer, and seems unknown in Switzerland during the Stone Age (Troyon) ; at a later period, the 

 "alSktor" is mentioned by Theognis 862, the Batrachomyomachia, Epicharmus, Aeschylus, and 

 Cratinus ; the "gallina" by Plautus, and Varro, the "gallus gallinaceus " by Cicero, and was already 

 in Britain when visited by Caesar. Eastward from China and the Malayan archipelago, the domestic 

 fowl was carried throughout the Tropical islands of the Pacific by Polynesians, as verified by myself : 

 but continued unknown in America, New Zealand, and Australia, until introduced by European 

 colonists. 



Heaps of precious stones are also figured, including (according to Champollion-Figeac p. . .) 

 garnets, and cornelian. 



The young elephant led in this Tribute-procession by men of the White race, was therefore not 

 from the Upper Nile, but an Indian elephant, E. Indicus, brought overland by the Nabathean or a 

 more Northern route. The delegates are Northerners as appears from their costume — and from 

 the bear led by delegates of the same nation in a subsequent Tribute-procession. 



