tl6 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



deville, Gulielmus de Baldensal, Peter Martyr, and Barthelemi de Salignac ; "living stocks brought 

 at great expense from Yemen" were seen by Belon in the same locality, also by Pellegrino Brocardi, 

 Radzivil, and notwithstanding Alpinus' unsuccessful search by Brenning, but soon afterwards " in 

 the early part of the Seventeenth century" they disappeared (Hartmann). Farther South, B. opo- 

 balsamum is described by Strabo xvi. 4. 19 as wild in the country of the Sabaeans ; was observed by 

 Bruce, and Salt, a small tree of stunted appearance " above fourteen feet high -" growing especially 

 in the vicinity of Azab (Saba) and thence as far as the entrance to the Red Sea. Was carried at an 

 early period to Yemen (Bruce) ; was first observed by Forskal p. 80 at the Oude caravanserai near 

 the end of his journey ; was also carried to Hindustan (Roxb., and Wight) ; and afterwards by 

 Wathen "in 1S37 from Mecca ".to the botanic garden at Bombay (Graham). 



1 5 iS B. C. (= 1273 -|- "245 years" of Berosus, in Alex. Polyhist. and Euseb. i. 4. p. 18), at 

 Babylon, the accession of the Arabian dynasty : — a series of '• nine " successive kings. 



In this year = " 37th of Tutmas III.,'' slaves and cattle brought as tribute by the Kharu and 

 Kush — (Birch). 



As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. p. 231), 

 Jamadagni, nephew of Viswamitra, reigning in Hindustan.. 



1517 B. C. (= 1505 y. 332^- d. -f- " 7 " + 7th year of ten lunations, Gen. xxx. 25 and xxxi. 

 41), departure of Jacob, to reside with Laban at Haran. 



In this year = " 38th of Tutmas III.," his thirteenth military campaign — (Birch). 



15 16 B. C. = "39th of Tutmas III.," his fourteenth military campaign — (Birch). 



1515 B. C, in or about the "five hundredth ann. Abr. and third year of Ascatades king of Sicy- 

 on " (Euseb. ). 



1514 B. C. = "41st of Tutmas III.," the king in the field, warring and receiving tribute — 

 (Birch). 



A papyrus roll, enumerating Egyptian kings, and composed in part in the reign of Tutmas III., 

 is mentioned by Lepsius (Eg. and Sin. p. 395). Papyri written "from the Sixteenth — to the Thir- 

 teenth century B. C," are also mentioned by Lepsius p. 381 ; containing, it is inferred, like those of 

 later date, "laudatory songs upon kings or gods, historical annals, accounts of the temple, that which 

 relates to the calendar, and many other things with reference to this life, contracts, law-suits." The 

 papyri were '■ interred in tombs ; " and from the time of the Greeks, were sometimes accompanied 

 with a Greek translation. 



1508 B. C. = " 47th year of Tutmas III.," in a tablet at On or Heliopolis, recording that he had 

 surrounded the temple with a wall. ( Leps. k. tab. p. 17, and Birch). 



In this year (= 508 -)- " 1000 yrs." of Herodot. iv. 5), Targitaus the first Scythian, colonist or 

 ancestor of all the Scythians. (See Tanaus). 



Cucumis dudaim of Equatorial Africa. Called in Egypt " schemmam '' (Forsk.) : the " thw- 

 thym " love-apples "in the days of wheat harvest " found by Reuben " in the field " — (gen. xxx. 

 14), occurring in vineyards and giving a smell (Tant. vii. 12), are according to Harris bibl. nat. hist, 

 by " the generality of interpreters and commentators " regarded as " a species of melon : " the Egyp- 

 tian word " vi tukg " is translated by Edwards " melonis genus silvestris, pomum amoris, mandra- 

 gora " (compare " batykh ") : the " schammam " or " Syrian luffah '' is described by Temimi, and 

 Ebn Baitar; was observed by Forskal p. 169, and Delile, in Egypt, its fruit globose-ovate as lar^e as 

 a lemon and not edible, but cultivated for its strong and not unpleasant odour. Transported to 

 Europe, is described by Dillenius hort. elth. pi. 77. (See Mandragora officinalis). 



"1506 B. C. = 1st year of Tsou-sin, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



The same year (= (481 y. 239^- d. -f- "30 years " of ten lunations of Gen. xli. 46), Joseph 

 born to Jacob and Rachel. 



Amygdalus communis of the Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in English gardens almond, in 

 France " amande " (Nugent), in Germany " mandel," in Italy " mandolo " or " mandorlo " (Lenz)', in 

 Greece " amugthalea " (FraasJ, in Egypt "louz" (Del.), in Egyptian " karia " (transl. Sept.) indi- 

 cating the geographical route of introduction : rods of " lwz " were among those selected by Jacob — 

 (gen. xxx. 37) : A. communis was observed by Forskal, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt, the 

 fruit imported besides in quantities from Syria and Cyprus. The Greek word "karuon" may have had 

 the same derivation as the Egyptian ; an ancient custom of eating bitter almonds to prevent intoxica- 

 tion is mentioned by Pliny, and Plutarch sympos. i. 6; the " amugthale " is mentioned by Xenophon 

 anab. iv. 4. 8, Tryphon, Pamphilus, Dioscorides, Athenaeus ii. 39, and ajnode of rendering the nuts 

 sweet, by Theophrastus ii. 7.7 : A. communis was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from 

 the Peloponnesus and Crete throughout Greece, springing up spontaneously, the branchlets spine- 

 scent and the kernel bitter ; is known to grow to all appearance wild in the country South of Cauca- 

 sus (Bieb., and Ledeb.). Westward, the "mix" is mentioned by Plautus, and from being termed 

 " graeca " by Cato is regarded by Pliny xv. 24 as probably foreign to Italy ; the " nux graeca " is 



