OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. I I 7 



mentioned by Columella, and Macrobius ii. 14; the " max" flowering in Spring, by Virgil geor. i. . . . ; 

 "nuces amarae" by Celsus; and "amygdalae amarae" and "dulces," by Pliny xvii. 43 : A. communis 

 is described by Matthioli i. 247 ; is termed " a. amara " by Tournefort inst. 627 ; has become natur- 

 alized in Italy, Sicily, and Barbary, forming in Algeria groves or woods (Desf., Cosson, Guss., and 

 A. Dec). Eastward from Syria, is called in Persia "badam" (Roxb.), and the same word has been 

 adopted in, Hindustanee and Bengalee (D'roz.) for the imported nuts, the tree not succeeding in 

 Hindustan even in the North (Royle, and Graham) : was however observed by Loureiro, and Bunge, 

 under cultivation in China, and called "him" or "hanh." By European colonists, was carried to 

 America, where I have occasionally met with it in gardens in our Middle States. 



Styrax officinale of the East Mediterranean countries. The storax tree is called in Italy " sto- 

 race" (Lenz), in Greece "stouraki" (Sibth.) or " agria kuthfinia" (Fraas), and its imported product 

 in Egyptian " aminakou " or " suetos " (Edw.) : the green " lbnh " selected for rods by Jacob — 

 (gen. xxx. 37), mentioned as a tree on the mountains of Palestine by Hosea iv. 13, is referred here in 

 the Septuagint and Arabic translations : " samgh leban Schami " or " olibanum Syriacum " is enu- 

 merated by Forskal mat. med. as imported from Greece into Egypt ; and at Mocha I was informed 

 that "lubanum" is a general term, including in the Somali country all gum-like articles of commerce. 

 Northward from Egypt, the "sturaka" is mentioned as indigenous in Asia Minor and Greece by He- 

 rodotus iii. 107, Theophrastus, Strabo, and Dioscorides ; and S. officinale was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Gittard, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus and Crete to Smyrna and Cyprus. Westward, the "sty- 

 rax " seems known to Pliny xii. 40 to 55 only from the imported product ; but the tree has since been 

 introduced and become naturalized in Italy and Southern France (Csesalp. ii. p. 71, Bertolon., and A. 

 Dec). As cultivated in England according to Lindley does not form storax, and this "fragrant resi- 

 nous balsamic substance is obtained in Asia Minor." 



The long reign of Tutmas III. is remarkable for an astonishing amount of building, throughout 

 Egypt and Nubia. At Thebes, the temple in the Asasif was completed, and additions made to those 

 at Karnak and Medinet Abu. Temples were also constructed, continued, or commenced at Esneh, 

 El Kab, Edfu, Ombos, Elephantine, Amada, Eguisse, Semneh, Ibrim, and Wadi Haifa. Two obe- 

 lisks ninety feet or so in height, were placed in Karnak ; other obelisks were erected by Tutmas III. 

 (but have been removed, two of them to Alexandria, one to Constantinople, and one to Rome. See 

 also Leps. eg. and sin p. 20, 25, and 42). 



But above all we are indebted to Tutmas III. for an important historical document: the series of 

 successive kings in the chamber at Karnak — (now removed to Paris). 



1501 B. C. = "30th Phamenoth in the 54th year of his reign," death of Tutmas III. — (Birch). 

 The accession therefore of Amunhotep II., second king of the Eighteenth dynasty, 

 not earlier than this date. His name is next in order on the monuments : both con- 

 temporaneous, — and in the series of kings at Abydos and Gurna. 



Amunhotep II. continued the temple at Karnak, and others in Nubia, and built new 

 temples at Bigeh and Kalabsheh. His name occurs also in a cave-temple at Ibrim, 

 and in the Sinai peninsula at Sarbut-el-Khadem. A colossal statue of this king — (is now in the 

 museum at Turin). 



In this year (= 1517 — " 20 years " of ten lunations, of Gen. xxxi. 41), treaty at the parting of 

 Laban and Jacob ; the heap of stones called by the former "ygr shSthwda" being perhaps the earliest 

 specimen known of the Aramaic or Chaldee language. — This language is called " army " in •> K. 

 xviii. 26, Dan. ii. 4, and Ezr. iv. 7 ; and forms the text of the following portions of the scriptures : 

 Jer. a. ii, Dan. ii. 4 to vii. 28, Ezr. iv. 8 to vi. 18 and vii. 12 to 26. The Syriac, regarded as only a 

 dialect or somewhat later form, is to the present day spoken by the Christian Syrians on the Tigris 

 near Mosul. (See J. Nicholson in Kitt. cycl. bibl.). 



Eighty-fourth generation. Jan. 1st, 1500, mostly beyond youth : 



1498 B. C. = "4th year of Amunhotep II.," in a tablet at Sarabit-el-Khadim in the Sinai penin- 

 sula— (Leps. k. tab. p. 17, and Birch;. , . . , , _ 



" 1497 B C. = 10th year of Tsou-sin " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Twentieth cycle. 

 The same year (= 1477 + "20 years" of Euseb. ii.), accession of Sphaerus as Assyrian empe- 

 ror " Twenty-two " years are however assigned to his reign i. p. 44, and by Syncellus. 



1495 B C (= 1530— "35 years" of Castor and Euseb. i. p. 129 to 131, see also Pherecyd., 

 Apollod and Hy-in.), Apis succeeded by his nephew Argus, son of Niobe and now fourth king of 

 the Peloponnesus°or fourth Argive king; the name of his kingdom having been changed to Argos 



(Hygin. fab. 145, and Paus. ii. 16. 1). . 



The same year = " 7th of Amunhotep II.," in a tablet at Sarabit-el-Khadim in the Sinai penin- 

 sula — (Birch). 



