OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 119 



Uredo segetum of Europe arid Northern Asia. A minute fungus developed in the blasting of 

 grain-crops, and called in Britain rust or blight (Ainsw.) or mildew, in Anglo-Saxon "mele-deaw," 

 in the Ortus Sanitatis "mel rods" (Prior), in Germany "mehlthau" (Grieb), in France " nielle " 

 (Nugent), and the blasted ears " shdphwn " of Pharaoh's dream — (gen. xli. 6 to 27), Deut. xxviii. 

 22, Amos iv. 9, and 1 K. viii. 37, are referred here by Gesenius. Farther North, the "Srusives" is 

 mentioned by Democritus (Cass, geopon. v. 5), Theophrastus viii. 10 and caus. iii. 27 ; the "uredo," 

 by Cicero, and Pliny; the "sterilem rubiginem" by Horace; "rorem inustum sole acri frugibus 

 rubiginis causam esse" by Pliny xviii. 68; and the "ustilago rustica " by Apuleius d. h. 63. 109 

 (Billerb., and others). 



1482 B. C. (= 1484 — " 2 full years " of Gen. xli. 1 = 1002 y. 1 i6^j d. -j- "480th year " of 1 

 Kings vi. I = 1611 y. 239H d - — " x 3° y ears " of Gen. xlvii. 9 ; 1587 y. 239H d - — " r 3° y ears " of 

 ten lunations = end of September 1483), Joseph released from prison and appointed governor over 

 Egypt. Israel or the Israelitish nation being "an hundred and thirty years " old. 



The "Coptic" or Egyptian language at this time the spoken language of Egypt: as appears 

 from Gen. xlii. 23, and from the quotations preserved in xli. 43 to 45 : " abrk " ap£-r£k, head incline ; 

 and " tsphnd phinh " tsh6f-noud fai-nfih, in God's Desert-making bringing deliverance. The words 

 being pure Coptic, the non-existence of any different hieroglyphic language is demonstrated. — Words 

 however were clearly invented before grammar; and at what period the latter modification was made 

 in the Egyptian language, does not appear. 



1480 B. C. = "5th year of Amunhotep III.," on the rocks near Philae in a tablet recording 

 victories over Negro tribes: a tablet at Semneh mentioning the rapid passage of the king — (Birch). 



1477 B. C. (= 1447 — " 30 years " of Euseb. i. and ii., and Syncell.), accession of Mamylus as 

 Assyrian emperor. 



1474 B. C. (= 1481 y. 239H d. — 1 — "7 years" of Gen. xli. 53), arrival of Joseph's brethren 

 in Egypt. 



Joseph's cup was for divining as well as drinking (Gen. xliv. 1 to 5). — Divining-cups are fig- 

 ured on the Assyrian monuments at Nimroud ; and to the present day, drinking-cups inscribed with 

 some mystic sentence are in use throughout the East (Bonom. nin. iv. 2). 



In this year = " loth of Amunhotep III.," on scarabaei recording that the king had slain " no 

 lions " with his own arrows — (Birch). 



1473 B. C. (=; 1481 y. 239|| d- — "7 — 2 years " of Gen. xli. 53, xlv. 6 to xlvi. 27, and Ex. i. 5), 

 removal into Egypt of Jacob and his household: the Israelitish nation now numbering " seventy " 

 souls, "besides Jacob's sons' wives." The date is confirmed by the Biblical genealogies ; no Israelite 

 beino- named after an Egyptian king more ancient than Hur or Horus and Amminadab. 



In this year = " 16th Athyr in the nth year of his reign" on scarabaei, Amunhotep III. having 

 married Tii, a foreign woman whose father's name was "Iuaa" (compare Iuda) and her mother's 

 " Tuaa," now holding a novel religious festival, introducing upon an artificial lake the boat of 

 the responsive aid-according solar disk Aten-nefru or nofri — (compare the Hebrew Adonai, and 

 revealed religion). 



"In the same year of his reign," Amunhotep III. bestowed endowments on the temple at 

 Karnak — (Birch). 



147 1 B. C. (Gen. xlvii. 18 to 26), the land of the Egyptians bought for bread by Joseph : who 

 " made it a law," that " Pharaoh should have the fifth : " except only, that the priests having already 

 an assignment of food, " sold not their lands." This change in the agrarian condition of Egypt and 

 introduction of a ground-tax, is mentioned by Herodotus, and Diodorus, but is attributed by them 

 to Sesostris (Leps. trav. Eg. and Sin. p. 480). 



Eighty-fifth generation. May 1st, 1467, mostly beyond youth : Eliphaz and Ruel, sons of Esau 

 (Gen. xxxvi. 4 to 17, and I Chron. i. 35). 



" 1465 B. C. = 1st year of Tsou-ting, of the Chang " or Fourth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



1456 B. C. (= 1481 y. 239f|d. — "7 — 2— 17 years " of Gen. xli. 53, xlv. 6, and xlvii. 28), 

 death of Jacob ; in the reign of the king who ruled Egypt "two full years " before Joseph's release 

 — (a severe chronological test). 



The same year — " 30th of Amunhotep III.," on a. monument representing him receiving the 

 account of a great harvest from the store-keepers of Upper and Lower Egypt — (Birch). 



1451 B. C. — "35th of Amunhotep III.," at Sarbit-el-Kbadim in the Sinai peninsula— (Birch). 



Amunhotep III. warred in foreign countries, and the names of some sixty conquered tribes and 

 nations are recorded on the monuments. He built the great temple at Luxor, another at Elephantine, 

 founded that at Soleb in Nubia, and set up obelisks - (Leps. eg. and sin. 19 to 236, and Birch). 



The two colossi sitting on the plain at Thebes and so conspicuous in the distance, are statues 

 of Amunhotep III. : — behind them, an immense temple has been destroyed to the foundation-stones, 

 the lines of which are barely traceable. 



