OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 12 1 



These paintings — remain uninjured by the slightest infiltration of moisture, notwithstanding the 

 prodigy mentioned by Herodotus of a fall of rain at Thebes. That the climate is not absolutely 

 rainless, is shown by Lepsius eg. and sin. 119 having experienced a "heavy rain and violent thunder- 

 storm at Assuan," though his "guards never remembered such a spectacle ; " on my own visit there 

 several months afterwards, the people continued to speak of this rain-storm. ' 



_ 1425 B. C. (= 1436 + 7 — " 12 y. 5 mo." of Manetho in Jos u. A., Manetho also 

 giving "12 y. 3 mo." -f 1413 = 1426), Ak£gheres succeeded by another Akegheres. 

 On the monuments, Tutankhamun Hiktenres is the eighth king of the Eighteenth 

 dynasty, but his name — does not occur in the series of kings at Abydos, Gurna, nor 

 at Medinet-Abu. 



Amunhotep and Hui, governors of Ethiopia under Amunhotep III., continued in power, and Hui 

 sent tribute ; recorded together with tribute from the Syrians in a tomb at Thebes. The name of 

 Tutankhamum Hiktenres occurs also on blocks of stone — employed by Horus in building (C. Mull, 

 fr. Man. p. 586, Leps. k. pi. 30, and Birch). 



In this year (= 1495 — "70 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, see also Pherecyd., Apollod., 

 Hygin., and Pausan.), in the Peloponnesus, Argus succeeded by his son Criasus, fifth Argive king. 



Tiryns another son of Argus founding the city bearing his own name ; his brother Peirasus dedi- 

 cating there an image of Juno. This image, made of wood of the "ahrathos" — or wild peat, was 

 on the capture of the city by the Argives removed to the temple near Mycenae, where it continued 

 extant in the days of Pausanias ii. 17. 5 and 25.7. (See Pyrus communis). 



Cratmgus oxyacantha of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain hawthorn or 

 white thorn or hedge thorn, in Anglo-Saxon " hagathorn " or "hegethorn," in Germany "hagedorn " 

 (Prior) or "weissdorn " (Grieb), i.i France "aubepine " (Nugent), in Italy "spina bianca" (Lenz), in 

 Greece "moruntza" or " trikokkia" or " ahlatha " (Sibth ), in which we recognize the "ahras " fruit on 

 which the inhabitants of Tiryntha at first lived — (Aelian and Ruel i. 115), also the "aMrthS" thorny 

 hedge on Ithaca (Horn. od. xiv. 10), and '■ ahfirthos " plant of Sophocles oed. 1596, and Theocritus 

 xxiv. 89, yielding according to Pherecrates the fruit called "ahras " (Steph. th.ed. Hase) : C. oxyacantha 

 was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, a frequent tree from the Peloponnesus to 

 Tenedos, and planted in hedges on Crete. Westward, the "spina alba" is mentioned by Columella 

 vii. 7, 2 to 9. 6; C. oxyacantha was observed by Forskal near Marseilles; is known to grow wild in 

 Italy and throughout middle Europe, where also it has long been employed for hedges (fl Dan. pi. 

 634, Jacq. austr., Pers., and Prior). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where 

 it continues planted for ornament, and I have observed trees to all appearance spontaneously seeded 

 and more than thirty feet high in the environs of Salem in New Enghnd. (See C. monogyna). 



Pyrus salicifolia of the East Mediterranean countries and Siberia. Called in Greece "goritzia " 

 or " gouritzia " or " ahlathia " (Fraas), and possibly the " ahras " in question : — the " ahras " is men- 

 tioned as edible by Homer, by Aristotle viii. 9 as food for swine, by Dioscorides as a kind of "agrias 

 apiou," is mentioned also by Theophrastus ii. 3, and in the Hermetic iatromathematica, and is referred 

 here by Fraas : P. salicifolia is termed "p. sylvestris orientalis folio oblongo incano" by Tournefort 

 cor. 43 ; and was observed by Sibthorp on mount Hsemus, by Fraas, abounding in Greece and con- 

 tinuing a favourite food of swine ; is known to grow also in Armenia and Siberia (Pall. fl. ross. i. pi. 

 9, and Pers.). 



1417 B. C. (= 1505 y. 332|| d. — " no years " of ten lunations of Gen. 1. 22 to 26), after bring- 

 ing up upon his knees the children "of Machir the son of Manasseh," and seeing "Ephraim's chil- 

 dren of the third " generation, death of Joseph. 



The same year (= 1413 -j- " 5th year of Kogharis " of Manetho in Syncell. p. 103), accession 

 of AkSghres or AhSrres, as queen of Egypt. She is identified by Lepsius (C. Mull. fr. Man. 

 p. 586) with " Bech-n-aten ra (Bechra) " widow of Amunhotep IV. ; and is represented in the 

 sculptures at Amarna with all the emblems of royalty ; but whether she died in the lifetime 

 of her brother-in-law king Horemheb, remains unascertained. The account of "Nit6kris" 

 (given by Herodotus . . ), coincides in some remarkable particulars with that of " Sherah," 1 Chron. 

 vii. 21 to 24 ; and in Manetho, we find even identity in name (for the sound " sh " cannot be expressed 

 in Greek letters, the nearest approach being the phonetic change that has converted the Spanish 

 "Xeres" or Heres into the English "Sherry"). 



Convolvulus scammonia of the East Mediterranean countries. The scammony plant is called 

 in Egyptian " sakamonia " (Edw.), and the trailing sagittate-leaved Convolvulus figured at Amarna 

 — (Leps. d. iii. pi. 98), and more or less distinctly on subsequent monuments (Champ, pi. 5 and 273, 

 and Rosselin. i. pi. 19 and iii. pi. 5), may be compared : C. scammonia was observed by Hasselquist 

 near Damietta on the Mediterranean border, and the imported drug has doubtless been long known 

 in Egypt. Farther North, the " skamonias " is mentioned by Antiphanes, I Mul. morb. 597, Theo- 

 phrastus, Nicander, and Athenaeus, the plant according to Rufus Ephesius fr. 21 growing on the Asiatic 



16 



