OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



123 



times with portions of the Egyptian Ritual). Bodies of persons who lived as early as this reign being 

 rare, I mav mention seeing at Thebes an unopened inner mummy-case, in the style of workmanship 

 belonging to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth dynasties, and highly finished. 



" 1401 B. C. = Tst year of Pan-keng, of the Chang" or Fourth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 

 He changed his family name of Chang to " Yn : " — and the new name is by some writers applied to 

 the remaining emperors of the dynasty. 



The same year (= 14.17 — " 12 y. 3 mo. — 4 y. 1 mo." of Jos. c. A., = " 16 y." in the 

 Euseb.-Maneth. table, the Afr.-Maneth. table giving — " 12—5 " = 1400), accession of 

 I Ramessu, head of the Nineteenth dynasty. On the monuments — he is placed next 

 I after Horemheb in the series of kings at Abydos, Gurna, and Medinet Abu. 



Eighty-seventh generation. Jan. 1st, 1400, mostly beyond youth : Hezron (Gen. 

 xlvi. 12., Num. xxvi. 21, Ruth iv. 18, and 1 Chron. ii. 5 to 24) ; Rephah, Resheph, and Telah (1 Chron. 

 vii. 25). 



Ramessu completed some of the columns of the temple at Luxor ; and set up a large stela at 

 Wady Haifa in Nubia. 



The same year = " 2d year of Ramessu " at Wady Haifa, the latest date in his reign found on 

 the monuments (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 583). 



Ramessu engaged also in a military campaign against Syria (Birch) : and his tomb, only partially 

 finished, has been found at Bab-el-meluk near Thebes. 



1399 B. C. (= 1417 — " 12 — 5 — 1 " in the Afr.-Maneth. table, Manetho in Jos. c. 

 A. giving — " 12 y. 3 mo. — 4 y. 1 mo. — 1 y.4 mo." = 1400, the Euseb.-Maneth. 

 table — "12 — 5 — 1" = 1397, and the Afr.-Maneth. table in another place 1366 + 

 "32 y." = i39S), accession of SSth6s or Seti Mienptah, second king of the Nineteenth 

 dynasty. — He is next after Ramessu in the series of kings at Abydos, Gurna, and 

 Medinet Abu. 



The same year = " 1st of his reign " on the monuments, Seti Mienptah carrying on war in Syria, 

 as far as Kanana or the " Canaanites " (Leps. eg. and sin. 450, and Birch) : farther North, he reached 

 Lebanon, or at least a wooded country, as shown by tufts of fern and the forest of spruce figured on 

 the temple at Karnak (Rosselin. i. pi. 46). 



The felling of some of these spruce trees, taken in connexion with flag-staff receptacles project- 

 ing from the walls of the temple, demonstrate the existence of navigation upon the Mediterranean. 



Abies picea of the mountains of middle and Southern Europe, and as far as Caucasus. Called 

 in Britain silver fir from its white trunk (Prior), in Germany " weisstanne," in Italy "abezzo " or 

 " abeto " or " abeto bianco " or " abeto comune," or in Lombardy " pezza " or " pescia " or " peccia " 

 (Lenz), in Greece " Slate " or " Slatos " (Sibth ), and clearly the species in question : — spars of 

 surprising length, said to have come from Syria, were observed by myself floating in the harbour of 

 Alexandria. Farther North, the " 61ate " growing on the mountains is termed " ouranomekes " tall 

 as the heavens by Homer il. xiv. 287 and od. v. 239, is mentioned also by Euripedes cycl. 385, Theo- 

 phrastus, and its resin by Dioscorides i. 91 and 92 : A. picea was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 on all the high mountains of Greece ; is known to grow also on the mountains of Asia Minor as far 

 as Caucasus (Bieb.). Westward, the "picea" is mentioned by Virgil as forming dark groves ; by 

 Pliny xvi. 18 to 28, as having leaves like a comb and growing on mountains : A. picea is termed "a. 

 taxi folio fructu sursum spectante " by Tournefort inst. 585 ; is known to grow on Sicily, and through- 

 out the Apennines (Guss., and Schomv), Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians to " Lat. 51° 15'" in 

 Silesia (A. Dec.) ; perhaps in ancient times farther North, for the relics in the peat-bogs of Britain 

 and the Shetland Islands (Edmonst. ann. nat. ii. p. 71) may in part be derived from ocean-currents. 

 The tree according to Sprengel, and Lindley, yields " Argentoratensis " or Strasburgh turpentine. 



Aspidium filix-mas of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain male fern 

 (Prior), in Germany " wurmfarn," in Italy " felce maschia " (Lenz), in Greece with other kinds 

 "ptgris" (Fraas) ; agreeing with the tufted fern in the spruce forest figured on the walls of Karnac : 

 — the " theluptens " is described by Theophrastus ix. 18 as useful against both roundworm and 

 tape-worm ; by Dioscorides, as taller than the " ptSrithi " with many sprouts, which are eaten while 

 young, and in the added Synonyms is identified with the " numphaian pterin: " A. filix-mas was 

 observed by Sibthorp in woods on Crete and Zacynthus. Westward, the "thelypterin" or "nym- 

 phaeam pterin " is identified by Pliny xxvii. 55 with one of the two kinds of " filicis : " A. filix-mas 

 is termed "f. non ramosa dentata" by Tournefort inst. 536; was observed by Lenz frequent in Italy ; 

 is known to grow as far as Britain, and "all over the North of Europe " (Engl. bot. pi. 1458, and 

 Lindl.). The rhizoma according to Lindley is " used as an anthelmintic ; the oil of fern, extracted 

 by ether, is the most efficacious." 



1391 B. C. = "9th year of Seti Mienptah," in an inscription at Assouan enumerating the monu- 

 ments he had constructed — (Birch). 



