124 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



In this year (Davis, Colebrooke as. res. v. 2S8 to viii. 489, and Elphinst. iii. 1 to 3, compare the 

 adoption of the kali-yug referred in the Braminical books to " about 1400 B. C," Buns. iv. 7. 1), the 

 date indicated by the position of the solstitial points at the time of the division of the ecliptic into 

 twenty-seven lunar mansions, and instituting "a cycle of five years of lunar months ; " — an arrange- 

 ment containing " the rudiments of the calendar" in use throughout Hindustan.* 



Bela succeeded by Jobab or Job, second king of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 33, 1 Chron. i. 44, and Jul. 

 Afr. xi.x). 



" 1379 B. C. = the Eighth manwantara " among the Hindus — (Graha Munjari tables, and Bent- 

 ley as. res. viii. 244 



1378 B. C. = "22d year of Seti Mienptah," in an excavated chapel at Silsilis ; the latest date in 

 his reign found on the monuments. 



A library in Thebes in the " Fourteenth " century B. C. (Leps. eg. and sin. 391 to 397), and 

 there is "reason for considering it neither the most ancient nor the only one in Egypt." — Several 

 " hieratic papyri " are " dated from the Rameseion ; " and the " tombs of two librarians of this time " 

 have been discovered. 



" 1377 B. C. = 25th year of Pan-keng " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Twenty-second 

 cycle. 



Besides building at Karnac the great hall of columns (regarded as the most imposing work ever 

 constructed by human hands) Seti Mienptah set up obelisks (one of which is now in Rome) ; and 

 his name occurs on other monuments throughout Egypt and in Nubia; in the cave-temple near Beni- 

 hassan ; in the Theban Desert at Wadi-el-Moyeh towards the Red Sea ; at Sesebi or Sese in Nubia, 

 but not farther South (Leps. eg. and sin. p. 235) : and at Sarbut-el-Khadem, Elephantine, and Silsilis. 

 He also commenced the temple at Gurna, in the Western quarter of Thebes. 



Trifolium .-llcxandriuum of the East Mediterranean countries. A kind of clover called in Egypt 

 " bersun " or " bersim " (Forsk.),and seemingly corresponding with the plant held by an Asiatic 

 captive on the walls of the temple at Gurna — (Champ, pi. 167) : T. Alexandrinum was observed by 

 Forskal p. 131;, and Delile, abundantly cultivated in Egypt for feeding cattle; also according to Clot- 

 Bey ii. 39 in Syria, and the seeds exported to Egypt. Farther North, the cultivated '■ e>usimon '' of 

 Theophrastus and others, may be compared : T. Alexandrinum was observed by Chaubard in wild 

 situations in the Peloponnesus ; and farther West, " T. Latinum " of Sebastiani is regarded by him 

 as possibly identical. 



" 1373 B. C. = 1st year of Siao-sin, of the Chang " or Fourth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 



1371 B. C. (= 1425 — '■ 54 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, see also Pherecyd. . . . ), in 

 the Peloponnesus, Criasus succeeded by his son Phorbas, sixth Argive king. 



A portion of the walls of the tomb of Seti Mienptah, is devoted to" Ethnography ; the inhabitants 

 of the four quarters of the world being represented in their respective costumes ; including Egypt 

 as the Western quarter. 



The people of the North (probably from the Euxine) are fair-complexioned, and wear egret- 

 plumes and skin-cloaks, in one instance clearly an ox-hide : there is perhaps no evidence that they 

 were acquainted with the art of weaving cloth. 



The cloaks are bordered and ornamented with down or fur (very distinct in the original painting 

 examined by myself at Thebes), and if fur, of the ermine Mustela erminea : — this animal inhabited 

 Switzerland during the Stone Age (Rutim.. and Troyon) ; " pontici mures albi " are mentioned by 

 Pliny viii. 55, and the "mustela alpina " or "alba " and " muris pontici pellicula " were known to the 

 Romans (Ainsw.) ; " ermin " is enumerated by Marco Polo 71 among the furs brought from the 

 country North of the Altai. 



Quercus infectoria of the East Mediterranean countries. The black lines on the skin of these 

 people of the North — (Champ. -Fig. pi. 1) seem made with nut-galls; a custom I found extant at 



* Trapa bicornis of Southern China. Called in Hindustan " singhara " (W. Jones), in the 

 environs of Bombay " shingaree " (Graham), in Sanscrit " sringata " from its horned nut which is 

 placed among the lunar constellations — (W. Jones as. res. iv. p. 253) : the "sringata" is mentioned 

 also by Susrutas sutr. 46 : T. bicornis was observed in Hindustan by Rheecle xi. pi. 33, Roxburgh 

 cor. iii. pi. 234, Wight ; by Graham, " in tanks throughout the Concans," preserved from extirpation 

 by "the Bhoie or Hamal caste of fishermen" by transplanting in the dry season, the fruit employed 

 "in making a dye of a red colour "for "the Hooly festival," also "eaten by the natives on fast 

 days," and in Goozerat " an important article of food to certain classes." Farther East, was observed 

 by Loureiro in Southern China ; and the " pi-tsi " or " chataigne d'eau " is enumerated by Cibot 

 (mem. Chin. iii. p. 451) as long cultivated in China, a superior kind occurring in the South. (See 

 T. natans, and T. incisa.) 



