128 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Westward, is termed "c. peregrina foliis pyri incisis " by Tournefort inst. 293; was observed by Des- 

 fontaines i. 433 in Barbary ; is known to grow also on Corsica and in Spain (Pers., and Viv.). 



1323 ]'>. C. ( = 1298 -f- " 2 5 years" of Euseb. ii., and Syncell ), accession of Belochus II. as 

 Assyrian Emperor. " Forty-five " years are however assigned to his reign in Euseb i. p. 44. 



Triop.is succeeded by his son Iasus eighth Argive king; his dominions (those of " the father 

 of lo," Acusil., Herodot. i. 1 and ii. 26, see also Apollod., and Paus.) including under the name of 

 Pelasgia all continental Greece. 



Xanthus another son of Triopas led a colony of Pelasgian Creeks to Lycia ; — and afterwards 

 occupied Lesbos, an island close to the main shore of the Troad. 



'■ 1317 B. C. = 8th year of Wou-ting II." (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Twenty-third 

 cycle. By the emperor Wou-ting II., ambassadors received from kings of foreign nations whose 

 language differed from the Chinese. 



In this year (= Sth of Wou-ting," hist. Cor., and Klapr.), the Corean seat of government 

 removed from P£-y6 to the A-szu-ta ( Asstak) mountain. 



1316 B. C. (= 1266 -|- " 50 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 134, see also Paus. i. 2. 6., Tat , and 

 Clem. Alex.), Actaeus succeeded by his son-in-law Cecrops, second (or according to Apollodorus 

 iii. 14. 1 first) Attic king; his dominions including Boeotia. — The tomb of Cecrops on the acropolis 

 at Athens continued extant in the days of the historian Antiochus (Strab. ix p. 407, and Clem. Alex, 

 pr. p. 20). 



The worship of Jupiter supreme over the gods, not earlier than Cecrops, who inaugurated it 

 (Paus. viii. 2. 3, Euseb. chron. ii., and Constantin. Diac. 13). Io daughter of Iasus is connected with 

 this worship, and (according to Aeschylus prom. 705) she visited the neighborhood of Dodona. The 

 Oracle at Dodona probably at this time founded (see Amnion, and Deucalion). 



Lycaon son of Pelasgus and second king of Arcadia contemporary with Cecrops (Paus. viii. 2. 2). 

 On mount Lycaeus, Lycaon built the city of Lycosura, instituted games there, and adopted the 

 worship oi Jupiter, but offered a human sacrifice. (See Mienptah). 



Images of gods among the Early Greeks (as ascertained by Pausanias viii. 17. 2) were made 

 either of "<5v£nos" chonv, "lotos" (see Zizyphus lotus and Celtis Austra is), " thruina " oak 

 (O. robur and O. pubescens), or of the four following kinds of wood : 



Cupressus semfrcrvirens of the East Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. The cypress 

 is called in France " cypres " (Nugent), in Italy " cipresso " ( Lenz), in Greece " kuparissia " (Sibth.), 

 in Egypt " saru '' (Forsk.), in which we recognize the " kuparissos '' of which some of these images 

 were made — (Paus.), employed also for door-posts according to Homer od. v. 54 and xvii. 340, and 

 mentioned by Herodotus, Thucydides ii. 34, and Theophrastus : one of the gates of the temple at 

 Jerusalem wis called the "sur" gate (2 K. xi. 6 and 2 Chron. xxiii. 5) : C. sempervirens was 

 observed by Forskal, and Delile, planted in Egypt, and by myself in the Muslim cemeteries ; by 

 Sibthorp, and Fraas, wild on the mountains of Crete and Greece, but its abundance in the Pelopon- 

 nesus, remarked by Bory, is doubtless due to human interference. Westward, the " cupressus " is 

 mentioned as foreign to Italy by Cato, and Pliny xvi. 60, introduced with difficulty and sacred to 

 Pluto ; is further described by Pliny as sheared to the density of a wall and thus rendered unnaturally 

 slender and pointed ; is termed "cupressus funebris " by Horace epod. v. 16, and Ovid met. x 106 ; 

 and C. sempervirens continues to be associated with mourning in France (Nugent), is besides 

 planted for ornament throughout middle and Western Europe as far as Spain (Pers., Targ.-Tozz, and 

 Lenz). Eastward from Palestine, the "kuparissos" was found by Alexander abounding in Adiabene 

 in Babylonia, furnishing timber for a whole fleet (Arr. vii. p. i6t) : C. sempervirens is called in 

 Hindustanee " saro " or " sarv" (D'roz.), was observed by Graham "in gardens " in the environs of 

 Bombay, thriving "best above the Ghauts ; " by myself, in Muslim cemeteries on the Deccan. By 

 European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in gardens, the stocks I 

 have met with small in size. 



Junipcrus oxyecdrus of the wooded portion of the Mediterranean countries. The berried cedar 

 is a small tree called in Greece " agriophitha " (Forsk.) or "kgthros" (Sibth.), and a kind of timber 

 imported into Egypt " gutran " (Forsk.) ; in which we recognize one of the "kSthroi" of which 

 images of the gods were made — (Paus.), referred here by Hawkins: the "kethros" is termed 

 " SukSatoios " easily split by Homer od. ii. 6 and v. Co, growing on Calypso's isle (Malta), is men- 

 tioned also by Herodotus . . , Satyrus, by Theophrastus iii. 12. 3 as sometimes called " oxukethron," 

 its berries " xanthos" ruddy and edible, and wood odorous and sound to the centre; its berries by 

 Nicander ther. 80 to 583, and the " kSthros mikra" by Dioscorides : the "kSthros" is further 

 described by Theophrastus iii. 2. 6 and iv. 5. 5 as abounding in Syria and used for ship-building ; by 

 Pliny as used in Egypt for this purpose, the galley of Ptolemy IV. was in part built of " kethros " 

 (Callixen., and Athen. v. 38) according with the use made at present of the imported " n-utran " timber 

 (Forsk. p. Ivi.) : J. oxycedrus was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, everywhere in Greece and on 



