OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 129 



the Greek islands, and trunks eight to ten inches in diameter were found by Bory, its berries largely 

 exported. Westward, the " odorata cedrus " of which images of gods and ancestors were made in 

 the days of Latinus is mentioned by Horace, Virgil aen. vii. 13 to 178, Persius, and Pliny : J. oxycedrus 

 is described by Matthioli i. 115 ; is termed "j. major bacca rufescente" by Tournefort inst. 589 ; but 

 from Italy along both sides of the Mediterranean to Gibraltar, hardly exceeds the dimensions of a 

 shrub six feet high (Pers., and Lenz). 



Juniperus Phoenicia of the wooded portion of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece 

 "kSnthros" (Sibth.), and a kind of timber imported into Egypt "schaerbin" (Forsk.) : one of the 

 "kgthroi" of which images were made — (Paus.) may be compared: the "kgthron phoiniken"is 

 distinguished by Theophrastus iii. 12. 3 and ix. 2. 3; the "kSthron " becoming a great tree " thgnthron 

 mega" by Dioscorides, "thenthron 6u mikron" according to Galen simpl. vii. 8 ; and the largest 

 "cedrus" on record, "one hundred and thirty feet high" with three men required to encircle its 

 trunk, was cut for Demetrius on Cyprus (Plin. xxvi. 76) : the "brwsh " growing on Lebanon (Psalm 

 civ. 17, Hos. xiv. 3, Isaiah xiv. 8 to lx. 13, and Zech. xi. 2), of which David's musical instruments 

 were made (2 Sam. vi. 5), employed in the construction of houses (1 K. v. 8 to ix 11, and 2 Chron. 

 ii. 8 to iii. 5), is mentioned by Ezekiel xxvii. 5 as also employed in ship-building, the purpose for 

 which "schaerbin" timber is imported into Egypt (Forsk. p. lvi) : J. Phoenicia was observed by 

 Pococke in Palestine ; by Sibthorp, Bory, and Fraas, frequent and of large size from the Peloponnesus 

 throughout Greece and the Greek islands. Westward, is described by Matthioli 122, and Lobel ii. 

 pi. 221 ; is termed "cedrus folio cupressi major fructu flavescente " by Tournefort inst. 588 ; and is 

 known to grow from Italy throughout Southern France and Spain as far as Cadiz (Pers., Bory, and 

 Lenz). "J. Lycia," though described by Matthioli, Lobel, and Tournefort, is regarded by Sibthorp 

 as perhaps not distinct, as seen by him on Crete. 



Taxus baccata of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain yew, by Chaucer " ewe," by 

 Galfridus pr. pm. " u," in Anglo-Saxon " iw," in Welsh " yw," in Old High German " iwa," in current 

 German " eibe," in France "if," in Spain and Portugal ■' iva," in mediaeval Latin "ivus" or "iva " or 

 "iua" (Prior), in Italy "libo" or " tasso " or albero della morte " (Lenz), in Greece " maure'latos " 

 (Fraas): the " milax " of which some of these images were made — (Paus.) is mentioned also by 

 Pherecrates, Euripides bacch. 108, and Aristophanes nub. 1003 ; the " milos " by Theophrastus iii. 10. 2 

 as resembling" Slate " even in its foliage but bearing a red edible berry, its leaves poisonous to 

 " lophSura " equine animals, and its wood which seems to be all heart-wood fraudulently sold for 

 cedar; the deadly " smilon " by Andreas, Nicander alex. 624, and Plutarch symp. iii. p. 634: 

 T. baccata was observed by Hawkins, and Fraas, on high mountains of the Peloponnesus and other 

 parts of Greece. Westward, the " smilax " tree according to the received text of Dioscorides iv. 80 

 grows in Italy and Narbonia bordering on Spain, its berries fatal to "ornithia; " is identified in the 

 added Synonyms, and by Sextius, and Galen simpl. med. viii. 29 with the " taxon " of the Romans ; 

 Cativolcus king of the Eburi according to Caesar vi. 31 killed himself with " taxo ; " noxious and 

 harmless kinds are distinguished by Virgil; the "taxus" is also mentioned by Columella, Lucan, 

 Statius, Silius Italicus, and as the only berry-bearing tree of the spruce kind by Pliny xvi. 20 : 

 T. baccata is described by Dodoens, Lobel (Spreng.), and Tournefort inst. 589; is known to grow 

 in mountainous situations in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Pers., and Lenz). 

 Eastward from the Black Sea, was observed by Thunberg in Japan, is known to grow throughout 

 Siberia (Pers.), or according to A. Decandolle two-thirds around the Subarctic circuit of the Globe. 

 The leaves according to an Italian physician " have a power similar to that of Digitalis," in too large 

 doses "certainly fatal" (Lindl.). 



1315 B. C. (= 1304 y. 248|-|d. -\- " at least ten years " of Clint, i. p. 301, see Ex. ii. 4 to 8, and 

 Num. xxvi. 59), Miriam born to Amram and Jochebed. 



Articles apparently of green gauze worn by women on Egyptian monuments of about this date 

 (....). The earliest Greek settlers on the island of Cos, according to the traditionary 

 account (Pausan. iii. 23. 4), came from Epidaurus near Argos : and the art of unravelling cocoons 

 and weaving the thread, was discovered on Cos by Pamphila daughter of Plateo — (Aristot. animal. 

 v. 19). Cos was "thickly peopled" in the days of Homer . . . ; and continued to be celebrated in 

 after times for its manufacture of "woven wind." The name of the island, written in Greek " k6s," 

 is continued in our English word "gauze." 



Lilium candidum of middle Asia. Called in English gardens lily, in Spain " lirio " (Prior), in 

 Germany " lilie," in Italy " giglio " (Lenz), in Greece " krino " (Sibth.), at Constantinople " samvahi," 

 on the mountains of Yemen " zambak " (Forsk.), in Egyptian " sumphaiphou " or " tialos," by the 

 prophets " aima arS6s " (Syn. Diosc), and a plant corresponding in stem and leaves and terminal 

 large flower is figured at Abousimbel : — L. candidum was observed by Clot-Bey confined in Egypt 

 almost exclusively to the pasha's garden ; by Forskal, under cultivation among the mountains of 

 Yemen. Northward, the '• krinon vasilikon " or " lemon " or " kall£iri6n " is identified in Syn. Diosc. 



17 



