132 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



and " other unclean people," assembled all persons labouring under bodily infirmity in the quarries 

 East of the Nile; some "learned priests" being included. The deserted city of Auaris was next 

 granted: when Osarsiph, one of the priests was elected ruler with absolute power. He prohibited 

 marriage outside of the community, and worship of the Egyptian gods ; rebuilt the city wall, called 

 Hyksos from Jerusalem, and seizing the granaries gained possession of Egypt (Jos. c. A. i. 2$ to 29. 

 Other particulars are given by Manetho, who admits, that the account is not taken from Egyptian 

 records, but from " unascertained writers"). 



1294 B. C. (= 1280 y. 2 mo. -|- " 13 years " of Manetho in Jos. c. A.), withdrawal 

 of king Amenfiphis and the Egyptian army into Ethiopia. Mienptah II. Siptah, 

 regarded by Rosellini as leader of this Second Hyksos invasion, holds the place on 

 the monuments of the seventh king of the Nineteenth dynasty. — He is however 

 omitted in the series of kings at Medinet Abu. 

 He was placed on the throne by Bai, who with prince Seti of Ethiopia is represented on the mon- 

 uments as offering homage — (Birch). 



Callisto daughter of Lycaon was slain by Diana ; whose worship and that of her twin brother 

 Apollo inaugurated hardly later than this date- — Callisto is alluded to by Pamphos, and her tomb, a 

 mound surmounted with a temple to Diana, was shown in Arcadia to Pausanias viii. 3. 6 and 35. 8. 



Some centuries " seculis aliquot " before the Trojan war, building of the most memorable of the 

 Greek temples, that to Diana at Aulis. — All knowledge of the material employed, was lost before 

 the days of Plinv xvi. 79. 



Phemonoe, first priestess of Apollo at Delphi, invented or first employed hexameter verse (Strab., 

 Plin., Clem. Alex., and Pausanias x. 5. 7, who however in another place quotes a hexameter distich 

 ascribed to the anterior Peleiads). In augury, Phemonoe used principally the " triorchem," — iden- 

 tified by Pliny x. 9 with the ■' buteonem " of the Romans (the buzzard, Buteo vulgaris). 



1290 B. C. (= 1336 — "46 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, see also Pausan. ii. 16. 1), in 

 Greece, Iasus succeeded by Crotopus, son of Agenor, and now ninth king at Argos. 



Lycaon succeeded by his son Nyctimus, third king of Arcadia (Eumel., Asius, and Paus. viii. 3). 

 Aided by Nyctimus, his younger brothers Oenotrus and Peucetius led a colony into Italy ; the 

 earliest Greek colony, and so far as known to the Greeks, the earliest of all foreign settlers (Phere- 

 cyd., Antioch., Apollod. iii. 8. 1, and Paus.). Italy was found to be inhabited by the Umb?-ians, "a 

 very ancient people " dispersed over many parts of the country ; and the Greek settlers — with their 

 descendants became the people called " Aborigines,'' who are known to have subsequently welcomed 

 a body of Pelasgians, and at a later date the companions of Evander (Cato, C. Sempron., and 

 Dionys. i. p. 27). 



" In the reign of Crotopus " (Tat., and Clem. Alex.), and " five generations " after their first set- 

 tlement (Hellan., and Dionys. i. p. 45), the Pelasgians expelled from Haemonia or Thessaly by Cure- 

 tes, Leleges (Laconians), and others, led 'by Deucalion. The event is sometimes termed " the 

 Deluge of Deucalion," and is regarded as the beginning of Hellenic ascendancy _, the name being 

 derived from Deucalion's son Hellen, who now became ruler of the " Dorians " in Phthiotis (Hero- 

 dot, i. 56). 



Of the expelled Pelasgians, a band proceeded by the way of Dodona into Italy, and producing an 

 oracle were received in a friendly manner by the "Aborigines" (prior Greek settlers), and were 

 allowed to reside in Velia. The reinforced Aborigines, now able to repel the Sicels, seized Croton a 

 town of the Umbrians, occupied Caere or Agylla, — Pisa, Saturnia, Alsium, and other towns which 

 they gradually took from' the Tuscans, and penetrated into the Campania, where they founded among 

 other towns Larissa, so named from a Larissa of their own in the Peloponnesus (Diodor. xiv. 118, 

 Strab. v. p. 220, and Dionys. i. p. 45). 



Other expelled Pelasgians joined the Expedition to Lesbos under Macar son of Crinacus, and 

 helped form a second settlement on that island — (Diodor. v. 81, Dionys. i. p. 47, see also Hesiod 

 and Homer). 



The name of Siptah occurs at Silsilis, also on the Ramesseum at Thebes, — and with that of his 

 wife queen Tasesurt in his tomb at Bab-el meluk (Glid. analect.). 



At the end of " thirteen years exile " (Maneth.), Merera Miamun recovered his kingdom, — and 

 was buried in the appropriated tomb of Siptah at Bab-el-meluk. 



1281 B. C. (= 1299 y. 8 mo. — " 19 y. 6 mo." of Manetho in Jos. c. A. = 1412 y. 

 I 2 mo. — " si — 61 — 20 years," 1071 + " 209 years " of the Afr.- Maneth. table = 

 1280), accession of " Se"th6sis and RamSsses : " or Merera Miamum succeeded by his 

 I son Ramessu III., second king of the Twentieth dynasty. — He immediately follows 

 . Merera in the series of kings at Medinet Abu. 

 1277 B. C. = " 5th year of Ramessu III.," the Libyans and their confederates defeated with 

 great slaughter — (Birch). 



