OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



I 4 I 



The "mixed multitude" accompanying the Israelites (Ex. xii. 38), may perhaps derive some 

 illustration from Manetho's account of the Exodus : that among those departing, were persons 

 afflicted with leprosy, may be inferred from the treatise on this disease in Levit. xiii. 



Ctratonia siliqua of Western Africa. The carob tree or St. John's bread is called in France " ca- 

 roubier" (F^e), in Italy " carrubio " or "carrubo" (Lenz), in Greece " xulokeYatia " (Sibth.), in 

 Egypt "kharroub" (Del.), in Egyptian " kontrates " (lex. Oxon.) or "jiiri" (lex. Oxon., and Kirch., 

 perhaps from "jir" a small kind of salted fish): is regarded by Sprengel as the tree with which 

 Moses ex. xv. 25 sweetened the bitter water at Marah, — the "hhrub" according to Avicenna p. 205 

 having the property of sweetening salt and bitter water : the " kSr6nian " of the Ionians according to 

 Theophrastus iv. 2. 4 is improperly called "aiguption sukon," growing not in Egypt, but in Syria and 

 Ionia and about Cnidus and Rhodes, and bearing pods on its trunk and branches ; is identified by 

 Galen with the "kfiratia;" said by Strabo xvii. 2. 2 to grow beyond Meroe ; mentioned also in Luke 

 xv. 16; and its edible pods, by Dioscorides i. 158: C. siliqua was observed by Alpinus, Forskal, 

 Delile, and Clot-Bey, in the gardens of Egypt, but continues rare, and was not met with by myself; 

 was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus and Attica through- 

 out the Greek islands. Westward, " siliquis " are mentioned by Horace epist. ii. I. 123; "siliquae 

 graecae " and their cultivation, by Columella ; and " siliquas syriacas " by Pliny as very sweet, a fin- 

 ger in length by an inch broad, and sometimes falcate: C. siliqua is termed "s. edulis" by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 578; was observed by Forskal, and myself, on Malta; continues according to Lenz under 

 cultivation in Southern Italy ; appeared to me discordant in the Mediterranean countries, exotic and 

 having a Tropical aspect, was in fact seen by Denham and Clapperton in Bornou in Central Africa 

 (Hogg in Hook. j. bot. 1834). By European colonists, was recently carried to Hindustan (Graham 

 p. 254), observed by myself in the Botanic garden at Bombay. 



Nigella sativa of the East Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Britain 

 Roman coriander, in Germany " schwarzkummel " (Grieb), in Italy " nigella" or "cominella" or 

 "melanzio domestico " (Lenz), in Greece " mavrokoukathSis " (Sibth.) or " maurokoukki " (Fraas), in 

 Egypt " kammoun asouad " black cummin or " habbah soudeh " black grain (Del.), in Egyptian 

 "stikmme' " (transl. Sept. Is.) ; in which we recognize the "melanthion" identified with the "gith" 

 by Pliny, and the "gth " resembling the grains of manna sent through Moses ex. xvi. 14 to 31 and 

 num. xi. 7 : — the " mfilanthion " is mentioned in the Septuagint translation of Isai. xxviii. 25 as culti- 

 vated in Palestine : and the black seeds of N. sativa scattered over the thin wafer-like bread made 

 throughout Egypt were observed by Belon, and myself. Farther North, " makonithdn arton " is 

 mentioned by Alcman (Athen. iii. 75) ; the " melanthion " is mentioned in the treatise Steril. 675, and 

 Nicander ther. 43 ; its seeds are described by Dioscorides as black pungent odorous and " kataplas- 

 somSnon Sis artous '' plastered on bread ; and the " mekSna agrion mSlana " is identified in the added 

 Synonyms : N. sativa was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus ; 

 is known to grow also about the Taurian mountains and Caucasus (Pall., and Bieb.). Westward, the 

 " melanthium " is mentioned by Cato 102, and Columella x. 245 ; the seed called " git," by Columella vi. 

 34. 1; the "gith ex Graecis " or " melanspermon " by Pliny xx. 71 "gratissime panes etiam con- 

 diat ; " and the "gith" by Palladius x. 13.3 as cultivated: N. sativa is termed "n. flore minore 

 simplici candido " by Tournefort inst. 258 ; and is known to be cultivated in France and Germany 

 (Pers.). Eastward from the Caspian, is called in Goozerat " kala jeera" (Graham), has been long 

 cultivated in other parts of Hindustan "both as a condiment and as a medicine " (Roxb., and Royle 

 in Kitt. bibl. cycl.) : was observed by Mason v. 495 " exotic " and called " sa-mung-net " in Burmah, 

 where it is sometimes cultivated. Its seeds are described by Lindley as " aromatic, subacrid," "for- 

 merly employed instead of pepper, and have also been used as carminatives." 



Coriandrum sativum of Central Asia. Called in Britain coriander, in France " coriandre " 

 (Nugent), in Germany " koriander," in Italy " coriandro " or '• coriandolo " (Lenz), in Greece " kori- 

 anthron" or "kousvaras " (Sibth.), in Egypt "kousbarah " (Del.), in Egyptian "v£r£tshe " or " ve>£- 

 tshSu " (ms. Par.) or " v£rtsh£u " (Kirch.) or " vfirtsheou " or " verseou " (transl. Sept.) or " ohion " 

 (compare ohionon " granum herbescens of Kirch.), by the Numidians "goith'' (Syn. Diosc), and 

 agreeing better with the implied white or bdellium-coloured "gth," — translated "korion" in the 

 Septuagint ex. xvi. 31 and num. xi. 7 : the best "coriandrum " in the days of Pliny xx. 82 came from 

 Egypt; and C. sativum was observed under cultivation there by Abd-allatif, Forskal, Delile, and 

 Clot-Bey. Farther North, the " korion " or " koriannon " or " korianneton " is mentioned by Anac- 

 reon, the comic poet Alcaeus, Anaxandrides, Antiphanes, Zeno, Theophrastus, Xenocrales, Pollux vi. 

 107, and Athenaeus ii. 77 and iv. 47 : C. sativum was observed by Sibthorp in cultivated ground from 

 Cyprus to the Peloponnesus, but is regarded by Chaubard as not indigenous. Westward, the " cori- 

 andrum " is mentioned by Varro, is termed "famosa" by Columella . . ; is not wild in Italy accord- 

 ino- to Pliny, who gives directions about its cultivation ; is mentioned also by Apicius, Apuleius 102, 

 and Macer Floridus . . : C. sativum is termed " c. majus " by Tournefort inst. 316; is known to be 



