OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 145 



vated in Italy (Lenz) and throughout middle Europe (Pers.). Eastward from Egypt, is mentioned 

 in the Institutes of Menu (transl. Deslongch.) ; is called in Bengalee "purou" (Pidd.) from the 

 Latin, in Hindustanee "kurras" (D'roz.), in the environs of Bombay " khorat " (from the Arabic), 

 "cultivated" there "to a small extent" according to Graham: and farther East, was observed by 

 Mason "exotic" in Burmah and called "tau-kyet-thwon." By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation in our Middle States. A. ampeloprasum 

 in its wild form is the "ampgloprason " of Dioscorides ; occurring in vineyards according to Pliny 

 xxiv. 86; is described by Lobel, Clusius (Spreng.) and Rudbeck elys. ii. pi. 151; is termed "a. 

 sphaericeo capite folio latiore " by Tournefort inst. 383 ; has not been found as far East as Caucasus 

 (A. Dec), but was observed by Sibthorp frequent on rocks and the minor Greek islands ; by Fraas, 

 frequent in vineyards and cultivated ground in Attica ; is known to occur as far West as Algeria 

 and Portugal, and as a weed in cultivated ground as far as Britain and Ireland (Ray hist. p. 1125, 

 Gay, and A. Dec.) ; but by European colonists was carried to the Azores Islands (Wats.). 



Allium sativum of the plains of Western Tartary. Called in Britain garlic from the Anglo- 

 Saxon "gar-leac" spear-plant (Prior), in France "ail" (Nugent), in Germany "knoblauch," in Italy 

 "aglio" or " aglio sativo" (Lenz), in Greece "aglithia" or "gelgithia" cr " skorthSn " (Fraas), in 

 Egypt "toum" (Del.), in Egyptian " skorton " (lex. Oxf.) or "tshshen" (transl. Sept.) or "tshjen" 

 (ms Borg.) ; and the " shwm " of Egypt longed for by the Israelites and mixt multitude, — is referred 

 by the Septuagint to the " skortha : " cultivation of the "allium" in Egypt is mentioned by Pliny 

 xix. 32; and the "thum," by Ebn Baitar : A. sativum was observed by Forskal under cultivation 

 in Egypt, but according to Hasselquist, Delile, and Clot-Bey, is principally imported from Syria. 

 Farther North, the "skorothon" is mentioned by Homer, Herodotus ii. 125, Aristophanes, Theo- 

 phrastus, and Dioscorides : and A. sativum was observed by Chaubard, and Fraas, under cultivation 

 in Greece, in some instances becoming spontaneous. Westward, the "skorothon'' is identified in 

 Syn. Diosc. with the "allioum" of the Romans; and "allium" is mentioned by Plautus, Varro, 

 Horace, Virgil, by Pliny xix. 34 as cultivated in Italy and springing up spontaneously in cultivated 

 ground : A. sativum was observed by Lenz under like circumstances in Italy ; and is known to be 

 cultivated in Spain and throughout middle Europe (Lobel pi. 158, and Morison iv. pi. 15). Eastward 

 from Greece, is known to grow wild in the Soongoro-Kirgish Desert (Ledeb., and A. Dec.) : is men- 

 tioned in the Institutes of Menu (transl. Deslongch.) ; is called in Sanscrit " mahoushudha" (Roxb.), 

 in Bengalee " rasun," in Hindustanee " sir " or " lalisan " (D'roz.), in the environs of Bombay " lussun " 

 and according to Graham "cultivated : " farther East, was observed by Mason, " exotic" in Burmah 

 and called " kyet-thwon-phyoo ; " and by Loureiro, under cultivation in China. By European colonists, 

 was carried to America, and has been observed by myself under cultivation in both the Northern and 

 Austral portions of the continent. 



Allium scorodoprasum — supposed to be a variety only of the preceding (Dec. fl. fr., and Koch), 

 is called in France and Britain rocambole (Nugent, and Prior), in Italy " agliporro " (Lenz), and with 

 a corresponding combination in Egyptian "korthom" (Kirch.): the "skorothon agrion " called 

 according to Dioscorides ii. 181 "ophioskorothon," and in the addition identified with the "glapho- 

 skorothon," is referred here by writers : A. scorodoprasum was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on 

 Cyprus and the Greek islands. Westward, is described by Valerius Cordus, Tragus (Spreng.), and 

 Clusius hist. i. pi. 191 ; is termed "a. sativum alterum sive allioprasum caulis summo circumvoluto '' 

 by Tournefort inst. 383 ; was observed by Lenz seemingly wild in Italy, is known to occur throughout 

 middle Europe as far as Denmark (Pers. and A. Dec), and is besides cultivated. "A. arenarium " 

 regarded as not distinct, is described by Bauhin hist. ii. 599 (Spreng.), and is known to occur from 

 the Pyrenees and Switzerland to Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 290, Hall., Lapeyr., and Steud.). 



On reaching Paran, spies including Caleb and Joshua, sent into the land of Canaan (Num. xiii. 



3, and xxxiii. 16 to 18). 



1236 B. C. (:= 1216 + "20 years" of Euseb. ii., and Syncell. = 710 + "526 years" of Berosus), 

 accession of Sosares as Assyrian emperor, Berosus' "526 years" of Assyrian rule over Babylon, as 

 usually adjusted, begin with this reign (see above Ramessu III.). 



Subsequent to the "parousia" arrival of Danaus (Tat., and Clem. Alex.), Dardanus grandson 

 of Atlas (Apollod. in. 10.1) and fifth lineal ancestor of Priamus (Homer il. a> 215) leading a migration 

 of Pelaso-ian Greeks to Samothrace (called in consequence "Dardania"), and thence into the Troad. 

 — The city of Larissa in the Troad, mentioned by Homer, may be compared with this migration. 



Dardanus had received an ark or chest containing an image of Dionysus or Bacchus. As mount 

 " Nusa " of the Greeks is clearly Sinai written after the Hebrew manner from right to left, etymology 

 indicates the origin of the new deity and his worship. — The same ark or chest constituted in after 

 times the palladium or one of the palladia of the city of Troy (Horn. il. xx. 459. Paus. vu. 19. 6, and 

 Serv. ad aen. viii. 285). . 



Osiris when born was placed in an ark and set adrift upon the water ; and his identity with 



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