OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1 53 



1159 B. C. (= U38y. 302^ d. -\- "20 years" of Judg. iv. 1), Eglon king of Moab, slain by Ehud; 

 and shortly afterwards, the Moabites defeated in battle by the Israelites. 



1 1 58 B. C. (=" 16th year of Ramessu IX.," on the monuments — (Leps. k. tab. p 19, and Birch). 

 In this year (= 1141 -|- " 17 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, see also Apollod. ii. 1. 4, 

 Pausan., and Clint.), Abas succeeded by his twin sons, Acrisius at Argos, and Proetus as king at 

 Tiryns. The walls of Tiryns built by Proetus — (Strab. viii. 6. 11, and Pausan. . ) are mentioned 

 by Homer il. ii. 559, and from their colossal dimensions continue to excite admiration to the present 

 day (Sm. geogr. diet.). 



Salix viminalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in France and Britain osier, 

 in medieval Latin "oseria" (Prior): the earliest Greek shields, as those carried by Acrisius and 

 Proetus, were woven of " itSa " — (Pausan. corinth., and F6e) ; " itSinoisin " shields are mentioned 

 by Theocritus xvi. 79 ; the bending of " salignas umbonum crates," by Virgil aen. viii. 632 ; manu- 

 factured articles of wicker-work, by Plato vii. 23 ; " oisuinos," by Homer od. v. 256; and the "oisua " is 

 enumerated among the signs of water by Democritus (Cass, geopon. ii. 6) : S. viminalis was observed 

 by Sibthorp in moist situations in Greece and around Constantinople. Westward, willow-grounds 

 " salicta " are mentioned by Ennius, Cato, and Cicero ; the person having charge " salictarius," by 

 Cato ; slender withs " vimines " by Caesar, Varro, and Columella ; " salices fecundae viminibus," by 

 Virgil ; and the cultivation and product of " salicis viminalis," by Pliny xvi. 68 and xvii. 32. Farther 

 North, articles of fine osier-work have been found in debris of the lake-villages of Switzerland (Troyon 

 p. 465 and pi. vii. 22); S. viminalis is termed "s. folio longissimo angustissimo utrinque albido " by 

 Tournefort inst. 591 ; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow along banks 

 of streams throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Hoffm. pi. 2, 5, and 2r, Lam. fl. fr., and 

 Engl. bot. pi. 1828). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where I have occa- 

 sionally observed it cultivated. 



In Thessaly, a city called " Larissa " founded by king Acrisius : a temple to Ceres at Ther- 

 mopylae, is also attributed to him (Callim. e. 41, Pausan. ii. 23. 9, and Steph. Byzant.). 



As early perhaps as this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. p. 232), 

 Rishyasringa reigning in Hindustan. 



" In the reign of Proetus" (Tat. and Clem. Alex., see also Thucyd. ii. 5, Isocr., Lycurg., and 

 Pausan. i. 31. 2), invasion of Attica by Thracians under Eumolpus, assisted by the citizens of Eleusis : 

 apparently a religious war between the partisans of Neptune and Minerva. Erechtheus was sup- 

 ported by Ion, but was slain (Philochor., Strab., and Pausan. i. 38. 4). He was succeeded by his 

 brother Cecrops II., eighth Attic king. The date is confirmed by Tatian and Clemens Alexandrinus, 

 who make Ion and Cecrops II. contemporary with Acrisius. 



1 155 B. C. (= 1071 -f- " 18th -(- 67 years" of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 131 = "85th year" of Syn- 

 cellus, see also Homer il. ii. 105), Pelops brother of Broteas appointed curator of the Olympiads at 

 Pisatis. 



The most ancient statue of Cybele mother of the gods on the rock of Coddinos on mount Sipy- 

 lus, made by Broteas brother of Niobe — (tradit. of the Magnetes in Pausan. iii. 22. 4). The statue 

 has been recognized as the Niobe turned to stone of Homer il. xxiv. 603, Ovid met. vi. 155, and 

 Pausanias viii. 2, continues extant (Van Lennep in trans. Amer. Orient, soc. May 1867), and is the 

 earliest specimen known of Greek art (see Mycenae). 



The same year (— 1613 y. 2 mo. — " 393 — 66 yrs " of Josephus, Manetho in Jos. c. A. i. 26 

 giving 1221 y. 2 mo. — "66 yrs" = 1155 y- 2 mo, and the Euseb.-Maneth. table 991 -4- " 130 + 

 7 + 26 yrs" — 1 154), possible date of the sacrilegious plundering of ten royal tombs at Thebes, and 

 punishment of the offenders in the " 19th year of Ramessu IX." — After his " 19th year," Ramessu 

 IX. associated his son in the government (Birch). 



Helleborus Orientalis of the mountains of Asia Minor and Greece. Called by the Greeks 

 "skarphe" (Sibth.), by the Turks "zopteme" (Lindl.): the "Sllevoros melas" with which the daughters 

 of Proetus were healed by Melampus son of Amythaon — (Hesiod in Apollod ii. 2. 2, Diosc, and Plin. 

 xxv 21) mentioned also by Euryphon 2 morb. 34, Theophrastus ix. 11, and according to Dioscondes 

 having the root purgative and flower purplish, is referred here by writers : H. Or.entalis is termed 



" h ni<rer Orientalis fiore purpurascente " by Tournefort cor 20 ; was observed by Sibthorp, and 



Fraas "on the mountains of Asia Minor and Greece, frequent also in the environs of Constantinople ; 

 and is' known to grow in Macedonia and Thrace (Spreng.). Farther South, the " ellevoros melas' 

 is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "z6maritis" of the prophets, and " rsaia or » elaphues or 

 " kemeleg " of the Egyptians ; and roots of " helleborum nigrum " were found by Forskal mat. med. 

 used medicinally in Egypt. Westward, the "helleborus" is mentioned by Plautus Horace and 

 Virgil and the medicinal use in Italy of "elleborum nigrum" (probably imported roots) « implied by 

 the account of Pliny xxv. 21 to 94. The root of H. Orientalis according to Lindley « is acrid and 

 violently cathartic " but " is still used in the Levant." (See H. niger, and Veratrum nigrum.) 



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