OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 155 



Petroselinum sativum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain parsley, by Treveris 

 " percely " (Prior), in Germany " petersilie," in Italy " petroselino " or " prezzemolo " or " apio ortense " 

 (Lenz), in Greece " makSthonesi " or " maithano " or " murdthia p£tros£lina " (Fraas) or " murothia " 

 (Sibth.), in Egypt "baqdunis" (Forsk.) or "maqedounis " (Del.); in which we recognize the"apium 

 amarum" with which the poet Linus adorned his head — (Virg. eel. vi. 98): the "apium" with which 

 Nemean victors were crowned (Plin.) is identified by Cato with the "s£linon kepaion" of Pindar, and 

 Aristophanes, mentioned also by Dioscorides iii. 67 ; and the "selino oulo" is mentioned in 2 Morb. 

 raul. 63 : P. sativum was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos and other craggy declivities in Greece, 

 but by Chaubard, and Fraas, nowhere indigenous in the Peloponnesus. Farther South, the "moka- 

 dunas"is mentioned by Ebn Baitar; P sativum was observed by Forskal, and Delile, under culti- 

 vation in Egypt, the roots besides and "aqua petroselin." employed medicinally. Westward, the 

 cultivation of the " apium " is mentioned by Columella, and Palladius, and directions for rendering 

 the plant "crispius" are given by Pliny xix. 46: P. sativum is described by Dodoens pi. 694; is 

 termed "a. hortense seu petroselinum vulgo " by Tournefort inst. 305; is known to grow wild on 

 Sardinia (Pers., Moris i. p. 21, and Spreng.), and is besides cultivated and naturalized in Italy and 

 throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Wats., and A. Dec). Eastward from Egypt, is called 

 in Hindustanee "pitirseli " or "ajmod" or "karafs bostani," in Bengalee "randhani shak " (D'roz.), 

 and was observed by Graham " in gardens " around Bombay ; by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah ; by 

 Kaempfer, and Thunberg, under cultivation in Japan and called " kin," or usually " seri." By Euro- 

 pean colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation. The leaves 

 according to Lindley " are diuretic, and are at once recognized by their agreeable smell." 



As early perhaps as this date, the accession of Ramessu X. Amunikhopsef, eighth 

 king of the Twentieth dynasty. His name occurs on a tablet — now in the British 

 museum, and in his own tomb at Bab-el-meluk (Glid. analect.). 



1 149 B. C. = " 2d year of Ramessu X.," the latest date in his reign found on the 

 monuments — (Leps. k. tab. p. 19). 

 " 1144 B. C." (= nth year of Cheou-sin, Pauth. note to Chi-Kingiii. 1. 3), Wen- Wang imprisoned 

 by the emperor Cheou-sin — for three years. 



During his imprisonment Wen- Wang explained the y-king or eight Koua symbols, and doubled 

 the number of symbols. — His explanations were continued by his son Tcheou-kong (Visdelou, and 

 Pauth . panth. lit.). 



1 141 B. C. (= 1 122 -\- " 19 years '' of Euseb. i. and ii.), accession of Sosarmus as Assyrian emperor. 

 The assigned length of this reign probably incorrect, falling short of the "twenty years " limit given 

 by Cephalion ; and in fact, the reign of Sosarmus is extended to " twenty-two " years by Syncellus. 



The same year (= 1096 -f- "45 years" of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, see also Homer il. xiv. 319, 

 Pherecyd., Pausan., and Clint, i. p. 81), not later than this date, death of Acrisius by the hand of his 

 grandson Perseus. Perseus removed the Argive seat of government to Mycenae ; and (according to 

 Apollodorus ii. 4. 4, and Strabo viii.) built walls there. These cyclopian walls include a gateway 

 with two sculptured lions ; an early specimen of Greek art — (see Sm. geogr. diet, and Broteas). 



Boletus edulis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. An edible mushroom called in 

 Italy "ghezzo" or "porcino" or "bole porcin" (Lenz), and the " mukes " growing on the site and 

 giving its name to the new city — (Paus. ii. 16. 3) may be compared: " mukai " are enumerated as 

 edible by Epicharmus, Ephippus, Antiphanes, are termed "eustomous" by Diphilus of Siphnus 

 although in his day an article of food generally despised ; and mushrooms growing near fig-trees are 

 pronounced salutary by Nicander (Athen. ii. 56): "suilli" are enumerated by Pliny xxii. 47 as col- 

 lected and dried in Italy, like those imported from Bithynia: B. edulis was observed by Sibthorp 

 in woods in the Peloponnesus ; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far 

 as Britain (Schaeff pi. 134, Bulliard h. fr. i pi. 60, 494, and Sibth. oxon. 375). 



" In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael " wife of Heber the Kenite (Song 

 of Deborah, and Judg. iii. 31 and iv. 4), the country inhabited by the Twelve tribes disturbed and 



unsafe. 



1139 B. C. (= 1 131 y- 302^| d. -f- "7 years" of Judg. vi. 1), the army of Jabin king of Canaan at 

 Hazor, defeated by the Israelites under Deborah and Barak. 



In the Song of Deborah, "ships" mentioned, also embroidery or the Sidonian "needlework." 



The accession of Ramessu XL Siptah, ninth king of the Twentieth dynasty, hardly 

 later than this year. His name has been found " only on a large tablet at Silsilis " — 

 (Glid. analect.). 



"1137 B. C. = 1 8th year of Cheou-sin" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the 

 _ Twenty-sixth cycle. The emperor urged to change his course by his minister Pi-kan, 

 who was in consequence put to death : the first instance in Chinese history of this self-sacrifice 

 (Pauth. p. 70). 



