1 62 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



1 114 B. C. (= 1413 y. 302J-4 d. — "300 years" of Judg. xi. 26), the Ammonites defeated by the 

 Israelites under Jephthah. — From the etymology of the name, it has been conjectured : That Jeph- 

 thah's daughter became the Iphigeneia of the Greeks : and confirmation is found in the silence of 

 Homer respecting Iphigeneia. 



In this year = " 2zd of Epiphi in the 15th year of Ramessu XII.," medical aid requested for the 

 queen's sister, a daughter of the chief of Bakhtan — (Birch, and Mariette 98). 



Chiron residing on mount Pelion, — where in the following year he was visited by Jason and his 

 companions on the Argonautic expedition (Apollon. Rhod. i. 554, and Orph. 375). 



Hypericum lauiiginosum of the mountains of Greece. The "Mironos rizan " or"panakeV' 

 discovered on mount Pelion by Chiron, — further described by Nicander ther. 500 as having " amara- 

 k66ssa" marjoram-like foliage and golden flowers, by Theophrastus ix. II. 1 as having leaves like 

 those of "lapathd" but larger and more hairy, applied externally and the small root (see Pliny xxv. 

 13) taken in wine against poisonous reptiles, by Dioscorides as growing chiefly on mount Pelion and 

 having a slender acrid root, maybe compared: H. lanuginosum is termed "h. montis Olympi foliis 

 circa margines hirsutis " by Tournefort inst. 255 ; and was observed by Sibthorp in Greece, probably 

 on mount Athos (J. E. Smith). 



Ta/nus communis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain black bryony 

 from its dark glossy leaves (Prior), in Italy " smilace liscia " or " tamaro " or " vite nera " (Lenz), in 

 Greece "vruon" or "ta vrua " (Fraas), in which we recognize the "vruonia m£laina " or " amp£los 

 m£laina " identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " heirfinSion amp£lon," discovered by Chiron — accord- 

 ing to Pliny xxv. 16; also the " bryoniam " proper or " chironiam " or " vitis nigra'' whose "aspar- 

 agos " young shoots from their medicinal properties are preferred for food to " veris asparagis " by 

 Diocles (Plin. xxiii. 17): the " ampSlos melaina " is described by Dioscorides as ascending trees and 

 having leaves approximating those of " smilakos," the young shoots eaten : the entangling of the 

 urns by its horns in " tanis " vines, is mentioned by Epiphanius phys. 3 : T. communis was observed 

 by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in woods and hedges from Crete and the Peloponnesus 

 to Cyprus, and on the last-named island the young shoots cooked and eaten. Westward, the "ampedos 

 medaina" or "voukranion" is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "priathela" or " p£grina " of the 

 Dacians, "laouothSn" of the Numidians, and "ovlamenia" or " vatanouta " or " ve"tisalka " of the 

 Romans ; " taminia uva" are prescribed by Celsus, and besides medicinal uses are according to Pliny 

 sometimes worn as an amulet ; the " vitis nigra " is also identified by Pliny with the '• gynaecanthen " 

 or "aproniam : " T. communis is termed " tamnus racemosa fiore minore luteo-pallescente" by 

 Tournefort inst. 103 ; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe, but in Britain 

 is regarded by Bromfield as possibly exotic and only naturalized (Pers., A. Dec, and Lenz). 



Tamns Cretica of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in (Ireece by the same names with 

 the preceding (Fraas), and possibly the plant discovered by Chiron : — the " vruonian " or " vruonitha " 

 is prescribed by Apollodorus ther. against freckles and cutaneous affections ; the " vruonis " is men- 

 tioned also by Nicander ther. 858 ; the "ampedou agrias " is enumerated as a drug by Theophrastus 

 ix. 14. 1 ; is identified by Cratevas with the "h£ir6ni5ion" (schol. Nicand. ther.) ; and is described 

 by Dioscorides as a woody vine, having the flower after the manner of " trihas vruotheis," round 

 berries red while ripening, the root used against dropsy, and young shoots stored for food : T. Cretica 

 is termed " tamnus cretica trifido folio " by Tournefort cor. 3, and was observed by Sibthorp in the 

 woods and hedges of Greece, Crete, and Cyprus, not rare and the young shoots eaten. (See Bryonia 

 dioica, and Clematis vitalba). 



1 1 13 B. C. (= 1071 -|- "4- years" of Clint, i. p. 140), the Argonautic expedition led into the 

 Black Sea by Jason, son of Aeson and father of Euneus. Periclymenus brother of Nestor was one 

 of the Argonauts (Pinch pyth. iv. 311) ; and Philammon was the bard of the Expedition — (Pherecyd. 

 fr. 63, and Apollon. Rhod.). After the return to Greece, the ship Argo was drawn on shore and 

 left with a dedicatory inscription in the city of Corinth (Dio Chrys. corinth. p. 458, and Aristid. 

 isthm. i. p. 24). 



Sah'ia hormimtm of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " sarkotrophi," and 

 the "orminon " of the companions of Jason — (argon. Orph. i. 917), Polemon diaet. ii. 14, Theophras- 

 tus viii. 7, Nicander, wild and cultivated according to Dioscorides and its stem quadrangular, is 

 referred here by writers ; together with the " phSrvion " of Galen fac. simpl. viii. p. 152, "phormion " 

 of Paulus Aegineta vii. p. 249, and " zSntogalen " of Nicolaus Myrepsus iii. 62: S. horminum is 

 described by Alpinus exot. p. 112, and was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent in cultivated 

 ground in Greece. Farther South, the "orminon" was known to Athenaeus xi. 56 in Egypt. West- 

 ward, the "orminon emSron " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "ormia" of the Dacians, and 

 " ggminalis " of the Romans ; the " horminum " is mentioned by Pliny xviii. 10 and xxii. 76 as culti- 

 vated in Italy, and his account seems in part taken from Dioscorides: S. horminum is described by 

 Matthioli, Dodoens, and Lobel pi. 555; is termed "h. coma purpuro-violacea et coma rubra "by 



