OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 163 



Tournefort inst. 178; and is known to occur in both Northern and Southern Italy (Pers., and Lenz). 

 " S. viridis," termed "h. coma viridi " by Tournefort inst. 178, is regarded as probably not distinct ; 

 was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Bory, in cultivated ground from Constantinople to Caria and 

 the Peloponnesus, and is known to occur in Italy and around Tunis (Desf. atlant. pi. 1, and Pers.). 



Lagurus ovatus of the Mediterranean countries. A grass called in Britain hare' s-tail (Prior), in 

 Greece "lagcunoura" or " alouponora " or " renna voutomo," in which we recognize the "voutomon" 

 cut for beds by the companions of Jason — (Theocr. xiii. 35), having according to Democritus 

 " lgiriois "-like leaves, growing in marshes, eaten by cattle, and one of the signs of subterranean water ; 

 described also by Theophrastus i. 10. 5 as having keeled leaves : L. ovatus was observed by Forskal, 

 Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Dardanelles to the Peloponnesus abounding on hills near the sea, 

 especially in depressions that have contained water. Farther South, was observed by Forskal and 

 Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, is described by Morison viii. pi. 4 ; is 

 termed " gramen spicatum tomentosum longissimis aristis donatum " by Tournefort inst. 517; was 

 observed by Forskal on Malta ; and is known to grow in various parts of Southern Europe (Pers.). 



Butomus umbellatus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Having a " tall rush-like 

 stem" and called in Britain flowering rush (Prior), in France "joncfleuri" (Fee), in Italy "biodo" 

 or "giunco florido" (Lenz), in Greece "psathe" (Fraas), and the "voutomon" — described by 

 Theophrastus as growing in water, is referred here by writers : B. umbellatus was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Fraas, on the banks of streams from Constantinople throughout Greece. Westward, is 

 described by Gerarde p. 27, and Bauhin ; is termed " juncus cyperoides floridus " by Lobel, "b. flore 

 roseo " by Tournefort inst. 271 ; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far 

 as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 604, Pers., and Lenz). 



Cyclamen Persicum of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "kuklamitha" 

 (Sibth.), in which we recognize the "kuklamis" of the Argonautic expedition — (Orph. 916), or the 

 " kuklaminos " identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the " trimphalitis " of Zoroaster and " aspho " of 

 Osthanes, prescribed in 1 Morb. mul. 682, mentioned also by Theophrastus ix. 10, Nicander ther. 

 945, by Dioscorides as having the leaves spotted on both sides, again identified in the added Syno- 

 nyms with the " ihthuotheron," and according to Pliny xxv. 69, and Oppian h. iv. 658 the root employed 

 for poisoning fish : C. Persicum was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on the mountains of Greece 

 an:l frequent around Athens, the root employed for driving cuttle-fish from their hiding places ; is 

 known to grow also on Cyprus (Pers.). 



im B. C. (= 1 141 — " 31 years " of Castor in Euseb. i. p. 129, = " 32d year of Perseus " men- 

 tioned by Apollodorus chron. in Clem. Alex. Strom, i. p. 322, see Clint, i. p. 76), a date to all appear- 

 ance marking the end of the reign of Perseus. He was succeeded as Argive king by his four sons, 

 Sthenelas II., Alcaeus, Mestor, and Electryon (Herodor., see also Palaephatus, Apollod., and Strab. 

 viii. p. 372). 



" In the reign of Laius " (Herodot. v. 59), war o c Amphitryon son of Alcaeus against the Tele- 

 boae : connected (according to Hesiod in Schol. Apollon. i. 747) with the death of Electryon. The 

 inscription on Amphitryon's commemorative tripod, seen and copied by Herodotus, is described by 

 him as in the " Cadmean letters; " differing very little from those used among the Ionians. 



Lemna minor of Temperate Climates. Called in Britain duck-weed or duck-meat, by Galfridus 

 pr. pm. " ende-mete " (Prior), in an Anglo-Saxon glossary " dok mete " (Harl. 3388, and Cockayne), 

 in Italy "lente palustre " (Lenz), in Greece " psarophaki " (Fraas) : and the aquatic plant " pin," col- 

 lected according to an ode of the time of Tchao-Koung— (Chi- King i. 2. 4), is described by Tchou-hi 

 as a diminutive rootless herb floating upon stagnant water, and called " piao " by the inhabitants East 

 of the river Kiang : L. minor was observed by Thunberg in Japan ; is known to grow also through- 

 out Siberia as far as Taurus and Caucasus (Bieb., Kunth, and Wats.). Farther West, the "phakos 6 

 epi telmat6n" is described by Dioscorides as growing moss-like on stagnant water, resembling lentils, 

 and a refrigerating application ; is prescribed by Paulus Aegineta ; is identified in Syn. Diosc. 

 with the "pkakos agrios " or " epiptSron," and with the " viperalis " or " ikeosmigthonos " of the 

 Romans ; and the account of the " palustris lens " by Pliny xxii. 70 seems taken from Dioscorides : 

 a Lemna'called " blesemman " was observed by Forskal among the mountains of Yemen ; L. minor 

 is known to grow in Abyssinia (Fresen.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, on stag- 

 nant water throughout Greece ; by Desfontaines, and Munby, in Barbary ; and is known to grow 

 throughout Europe as far as the border of Lapland (Fries), also on the Canary Islands, Madeira, and 

 the Azores (Lemann, Wats., and A. Dec). Beyond the Atlantic, has been observed by myself from 

 43 in New E no-land ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, as far as " Florida ; " by Short, in 

 Kentucky ; by Drummond, at Fort Cumberland in 54 ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; by Humboldt 

 and Bonpland, on the mountains of New Grenada (Kunth); by Gay, in Chili ; by J. D. Hooker, in 

 New Zealand- and by R. Brown, in Tasmania and Australia; probably in some instances trans- 

 ported through entanglement in the plumage of water-fowl. By Feejeean or possibly Polynesian 



