OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 169 



The same year = " 17th year of Ramessu XIII.," in an official letter addressed to his son 

 Painehsi. His name occurs also in his tomb at Bab-el-meluk — (Glid. analect, Leps. k. tab. p. 19, 

 and Birch). 



The same year (= 1071 + " 7 years " of both Maneth. tables = 1417 — " 16 — 8 

 — -IS — 5 — 68 — -40 — 55 — 66 — 40 — 26 years " of the Armenian Euseb.-Maneth. 

 table), accession of " Thou6ris called Poluvos by Homer," = (1417 — "51 — 61 — 

 20 — 60 — 5 — 7 — - 135 years " of the Afr.-Maneth table, this table also giving 991 4- 

 " 14 + 9 "t - 6 -}- 9 -|- 4 -j- 46 years " = 1079) accession of Smenthes or Sm£nthis, 

 first king of the Twenty-first dynasty. The name and portrait of king Herhor-siamun have been 

 found on the temple of Khons at Thebes; with evidence, that under Ramessu XII. he held the office 

 of high-priest of Amon. (Compare the " Pr6teus " of Homer, and Herodotus). 



Herhor received the submission of the Northern Syrians, and married a Semitic female, — by 

 whom he had several sons bearing Semitic names (Birch). 



Aethra, daughter of Pittheus and mother of Theseus, a captive in Troy during the siege by the 

 Greeks (Horn. il. iii. 144, Arctin., Lesch., and Hellan.). Theseus is mentioned as seen by Nestor 

 and Ulysses, and as taking no part in the war — (Horn. il.). 



The Eumolpian bard Musaeus, son of Antiophemus (Paus. x. 5. 6), composing poetry about the 

 time of the Trojan war (Theodoret. serm. ii. 741). His daughter Astyanassa is said to have been a 

 slave of Helen — (Suid., Phot., and Sm. b. d.). 



Teucrium folium of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " amaranto " or " agapes- 

 votane " or " panagiohorton," by the Turks " giuda " (Forsk., and Sibth.), and the fOV I N polion 

 celebrated by Musaeus — (Plin. xxi. 84), and Hesiod op. fragm., mentioned also by Hippocrates, 

 Tlieophrastus ix. 21, Nicander ther., and Dioscorides, is referred here by writers : T. polium was 

 observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in mountainous and dry situations from the 

 Dardanelles and Smyrna throughout Greece and the Greek islands ; and farther South, by Forskal, 

 and Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt near Alexandria. Westward, the "polium " is 

 mentioned by Celsus v. 23, and Pliny ; T. polium is described by Matthioli p. 612 ; is termed "p. 

 montanum album etiam luteum " by Tournefort inst. 206; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles ; 

 and is known to grow also in Italy and Spain (Pers., and Lenz). 



Teucrium capitatum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " livanohorton '' or "po- 

 16on tou vounou " (Sibth.), and distinguished from the preceding as early probably as this date : — ■ 

 the "polion etSron " is described by Dioscorides as weaker and less odorous; and the "polion 

 herba " by some called " libanotis " is mentioned by Marcellus 20 : T. capitatum is described by 

 Sibthorp as "praecedenti valde affinis," and was observed by him, and Fraas, frequent in Greece both 

 on plains and mountains : is known to grow also in Siberia (Pers.). Westward, the "polium cam- 

 pestre " is distinguished by Pliny xxi. 21 ; T. capitatum is termed "p. candidum tenellum tomento- 

 sum flore purpureo " by Tournefort inst. ; and is known to grow in Italy, Spain, and Southern France 

 (Barr. rar. pi. 1047, Pers., and Lenz). 



Ormis Europaa of mountains on the North side of the Mediterranean. A small tree called in 

 France "orne" (Fee), in Italy "orno " or " ornello " or " avornio " (Lenz), in Greece "meleos " or 

 by the Turks " disu budak " (Sibth.); in which we recognize the MEVIHSIA/ meliesin of Musaeus 

 — (Clem. Alex. str. vi. p. 618), Hesiod op. 145, growing according to Homer il. 767 in the mountain 

 forest, mentioned also by Aristophanes, Tlieophrastus iii. II, Nicander fragm., Dioscorides, and Op- 

 pian cyn. iv. 383 ; the name derived from its saccharine exudation, a tree yielding honey being 

 expressly mentioned by Diodorus xvii. 75, Curtius vi. 4, Polyaenus iv. 3. 32, and Athenaeus xi. 500: 

 O. Europsea was observed by Sibthorp, Hawkins, Chaubard, and Fraas, from Constantinople fre- 

 quent on high mountains throughout Greece. Farther South, the "melia " was in Egypt in the days 

 of Tlieophrastus ; and O. Europasa was observed in gardens there by Clot-Bey : the seeds are 

 besides imported for culinary and medicinal use, and are called "lissan asfur " bird tongues (Forsk. 

 mat. med., and Del.). Westward, the "ornus" is mentioned by Virgil, and Pliny xvi. 30, as growing 

 on the mountains of Italy ; O. Europoea is termed " f. florifera botryoides " by Tournefort inst. 577 ; 

 is known to "row in Italy, especially towards the Southern extreme (Lindl., and Lenz), also in Spain 

 (Cav., and Pers.) ; and according to Lindley yields the manna of the shops. 



Ornus roiundifolia of Italy and Greece. Another species of flowering ash called "melios " in 

 Greece, and probably included in the "meliesin" of Musaeus, — and Homer- the "melia" termed 

 "upsele" and "eumekes" by Tlieophrastus iii. 11, is referred here by Fraas; and O. rotundifolia 

 was observed by him to be the most frequent kind in Northern Greece : is known to grow also 

 in Hungary (Pers.). Farther West, is known to grow in Calabria or Southern Italy, "yields 

 manna and according to Tenore of better quality than the last" (Lindl.). Farther South, 

 "sarachoscht frandji, manna calabrica" is enumerated by Forskal mat. med. as imported into 

 Egypt. 



