170 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Juniperus macrocarpa of the East Mediterranean countries. The t> PK E VTOE of Musaeus — 

 (schol. Apollon. iv), and Satyrus, is described by Theophrastus Hi. 3. 1 to 12. 3 as growing on moun- 

 tains, taller than the "kethros" and less prickly, its wood inferior and scentless, and berries black 

 and hardly edible; is mentioned also by Nicander ther. v. 584; and the "arkeuthos mikra" having 

 fruit no larger than a filbert, by Dioscorides : "lesser arkeuthis " berries are among the ingredients 

 of the "kuphi" incense enumerated by Manetho, and the "arkeuthos" is identified in Syn. Diosc. 

 with the "livioum" of the Egyptians, and "zouorinsipfit " of the Numidians : the name, subse- 

 quently pronounced "argetos," has according to Fraas become obsolete: J. macrocarpa is termed 

 "j. maior " by Matthioli p. 118, "j. maximi illyrici " by Lobel hist. 629 and ii. pi. 223, "j. major 

 bacca CEerulea" by Tournefort inst. 589; was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the mountains of 

 Greece, its berries obovate, twice as large as in J. oxycedrus and black with a blue bloom ; is known 

 to grow also in Illyria, Istria, and Sicily (Spreng., and Lenz). 



" 1077 B. C. = 2d year of Kang-wang, of the Tcheou" or Fifth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 



1075, November (= 1073 y. 302^ d. — "7 months" of I Sam. vi. 1), the ark of the covenant 

 removed from Shiloh and captured by the Philistines : and on " the same day," death of the high- 

 priest Eli. 



1074 B. C. (= 1113 y. 302JI- d. — "40 years " of Judg. xiii. 1), the ark of the covenant returned 

 by the Philistines ; and placed at Kirjath-jearim. The Philistines afterwards defeated by the Israel- 

 ites under the prophet Samuel (1 Sam. vii. 1 to 13). 



Achillea millefolium of Northern climates. Called in Britain milfoil ox nosebleed or sanguinary 

 ox yarrow, in Anglo-Saxon "gearwe," in Germany "garbe," in Low German " geruwe," in Old High 

 German "garawa," in Old Frisian "kerva," names apparently from the Greek " i^ra " (Prior), in 

 France " mille-feuille " (Nugent), in Italy " millefoglie " or " achillea " (Lenz); in which we recog- 

 nize the " millefoliam " or " achilleos " with which the wounded king Telephus of Mysia was healed 

 by Achilles — (Plin. xxv. 19) ; described by Dioscorides as having coriander-like leaves with numerous 

 incisures, white or purple flowers in a terminal umbel, used for agglutinating wounds and stanching 

 blood, and in the added Synonyms identified with the " ahilleion sitheritin" or " hiliophullon " or 

 " muriomorphon " or " strati 6tikon : " A. millefolium was observed in Greece by Fraas; is known 

 to grow also along the Taurian mountains ; and to and beyond Lat. 62° throughout Siberia (Meyer). 

 Westward, the " ahilleion sitheritin " or " erakleion " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " aster hoi- 

 loth " of the Numidians, and " militarism " or " millepholioum " of the Romans ; and the " millefo- 

 lium" or "achilleos" or "panacem heracleon '' is described by Pliny as a cubit high and branchy, 

 clad from the base with leaves like those of fennel but smaller; the " herbaque quae folds nomen de 

 mille " is mentioned by Serenus Sammonicus ; the " sanguinaria " or " millefolium," by Marcellus 1 ; 

 the " millefolium," in a medical formula of the time of Charlemagne (Spreng.) ; and the " herbam 

 cui nomen foliis de mille," by Macer Floridus : A. millefolium is described by Brunfels iii. p. 171, 

 Lobel, Gerarde, and Parkinson theatr. 695 ; is known to grow in Italy and from the Pyrenees through- 

 out middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland (Wats., and A. Dec). Farther West, was observed 

 by Hooker in Iceland; by Gieseck, in Greenland ; by Richardson, nearly to Slave Lake ; by Drum- 

 mond, on the crest of the Rocky mountains ; by Georgi, on the Pacific coast of America and islands 

 as far as Kamtschatka; is known to grow from Lat. 57 20' in Labrador (Meyer) throughout Canada 

 and along the Atlantic to our Southern States (Chapm.), springing up in clearings and having an un- 

 American aspect, but already in New England in 1620 on the arrival of the first colonists (Mourt 

 rel.) ; From Europe, according to Clot-Bey, has recently been introduced into the gardens of Egypt. 



Achillea tomentosa of the East Mediterranean countries. Included in the "ahill£ios" — at least 

 by Dioscorides, who describes the flowers as sometimes " hrusizonta " golden : A. tomentosa was 

 observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, on mountains from the Peloponnesus to the 

 environs of Constantinople. Westward, is termed "millefolium tomentosum luteum " by Tournefort 

 inst. 496; is known to grow in Italy (Lenz), and France (Pers.); but as occurring in England, is 

 regarded by A. Decandolle as hardly naturalized. 



Buplcurum rotundifolium of the Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Britain hare's car, by 

 Turner " thorow-wax" or "throw-wax" its "stalke waxeth throw the leaves," in medieval Latin "au- 

 ricula leporis " (Prior), in Germany " hasenohr," in Italy " bupleuro " or " cinquefoglio giallo " (Lenz) ; 

 and the "veram achilleon" with which Telephus was healed — is referred by others to a branchless 

 plant a foot high, its stem blue and elegantly invested throughout with separate round leaves (Plin. 

 xxv. 19) : I!, rotundifolium is known to grow wild about Caucasus and the mountains of Suwant 

 (Bieb., and Hohen.), and it may be in Persia (Fisch., and A. Dec.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, in cultivated and fallow ground from Constantinople and Cyprus to the Peloponnesus. 

 Farther West, is termed " b. perfoliatum rotundifolium annuum" by Tournefort inst. 310; was ob- 

 served by Forskal near Marseilles, but throughout Western Europe is known only as a weed in culti- 

 vated ground (Pers., and A. Dec). 



