178 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



of Ajax " aias " was substituted before the days of Euphorion, and Theocritus x. 28 : the " uakinthos " 

 is termed " poluthrenos " by Nicander 902 ; is identified in Syn. Diosc. iii. 77 with the " thglpbinion ; " 

 and the " uakinthos " inscribed with letters is identified by Pausanias i. 35. 4 and ii. 35. 5 with the 

 " kosmosanthalon " having coronary flowers: these letters according to Moschus iii. 5, and Ovid 

 met. x. 2ii, are the Greek A I, and Lucian xiv. p. 43 speaks of "Spaiazonta" the dead: D. ajacis 

 was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; by Sibthorp, in fallow ground from Bceotia 

 to the Peloponnesus, its corolla according to Chaubard, distinctly bearing the letters A I A : farther 

 South, was observed by Forskal, Delile, and Clot-Bey, in the gardens of Egypt. Westward, is 

 described by Miller, and Linnsus ; is termed " d. simplex" by Salisbury; is known to occur in 

 Switzerland (Pers.), and the flowers according to Sprengel are often red. Eastward from Egypt, 

 was observed by Wight, and Graham, in Tropical Hindustan, "in Deckan gardens" according to 

 Lush, " where it is planted below orange and peach trees to keep down weeds ; " was observed by 

 Mason " exotic " in Burmah. 



Scilla amocua of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. After the death of Ajax, 

 according to the inhabitants of Salamis, a pale reddish flower made its appearance, smaller in all its 

 parts than the " krinou " and inscribed with letters like those on " uakinthois " — (Paus.) : the 

 "uakinthos" is mentioned by Homer il. xiv. 348 and od. vi. 231 as growing on mountains; by 

 Theophrastus vi. 8, as vernal but continuing a long while flowering; by Dioscorides, as a span high 

 and resembling in root and leaves the " volvS," the green stem more slender than the little finger 

 and terminating in a curved raceme of purplish flowers, the root believed to delay puberty in boys : 

 S. amoena is described by Rudbeck. ii. pi. 7; is termed " ornithogalum caeruleum byzantinum" by 

 Tournefort inst. 380; was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus, by Chaubard, in ascending 

 Taygetus ; is known to grow also in Germany, Austria, and Russia (J acq. austr. pi. 21S), and accord- 

 ing to Persoon its petals are marked at base with two white lines. 



" 1052 B. C. = 1st year of Tchao-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



z' "N In this year (= 1078 — " 26 years " of both Maneth. tables), SmSnthes succeeded 

 by PsousSnnes, second king of the Twenty-first dynasty. Herhor siamun was suc- 

 ceeded by his grandson Pisem or Painetem; whose name has been found on contem- 

 poraneous monuments (Leps. k. pi. 43), though not enclosed in royal ovals. He 

 married Rakamat of the Ramessid line, acquiring thus a kind of legitimate title to the 

 throne — (Birch). 



The same year (= 1054 — "2 years" of I Sam. xiii. 1), war against the Philistines commenced 

 by Saul. 



Picridium Tingitanum of the Desert-margin and the shores of the Mediterranean. Called in 

 Egypt "houeh" (Del.), in which we recognize the Wllfl hwh among which Israelites now concealed 

 themselves — (1 Sam. xiii. 6), mentioned also in Prov. xxvi. 9, Cant. ii. 2, Isai. xxiv. 13, and Job 

 xxxi. 4: P. Tingitanum, an herb with crowded leaves rejected by all kinds of cattle except donkeys, 

 was observed by Forskal p. 143 not far from Cairo growing in the Desert; by Delile, near Alexan- 

 dria; by Sibthorp, along roadsides in Asia Minor and on the seashore of Caria and Cyprus. West- 

 ward, is described by Hermann lugd. pi 659 ; is termed " S. tingitanus papaveris folio " by Tournefort 

 inst. 47s ; and is known to grow on the seashore of Barbary (Pers.). 



1041 B. C. (= 1091 — " 50 years " after the death of Hyllus, Diodor. iv. 58, see also Oenom. 

 in Euseb. pr. v. p. 210, and schol. Pind. isthm. vii. 18), Second invasion of the Peloponnesus by the 

 Heraclidae. Repelled, and their leader Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, slain. (By some writers, the event 

 is placed three years later, see below). 



Genista monosperma of the Desert-margin, from the Atlantic to the Sinai Peninsula. Called in 

 Egypt "retam," in which we recognize the coals of "1 + S rdm alluded to by David while a fugitive. 

 (Psalm cxx. iv) : — Elijah on his way to Mount Horeb rested under a "rdm" (t K. xix. 4), as is 

 often done in the same region by modern travellers (Kitt. bibl. cycl.) ; the " rdm " is mentioned also 

 in Job xxx. 4, and charcoal procured in the Sinai Peninsula from G. monosperma continues to 

 be carried to Egypt (Forsk., and others) : the living plant was observed by Forskal near Suez ; by 

 Delile, not far from Cairo growing in the Desert. Westward, is known to grow in Morocco, and in 

 sterile situations in Portugal and Spain (Pers. ; see also Atriplex coriacea). 



1038 B. C. (= 1037 y. 240JI d. = 1005 y. 1 16 3 4 5 d. -f '■ 40 years " of ten lunations of 1 K. ii. 1 1 

 and 1 Chron. xxix. 27 = 1053 y. 302 $£ d. — " 20 years" of ten lunations, in Josephus as read by 

 Epiphanius, in Theophilus of Antioch, and in Clemens Alexandrinus), Saul succeeded by David, 

 second Jewish king. 



The same year (= 1071 — "33 years " of Castor and Eusebius), Demophon succeeded by his 

 son Oxyntes, as king of Athens. (The Second invasion of the Heraclidae, according to Eusebius ii. 

 p. 300, is by some writers placed in the "first year of Oxyntes." See above). 



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