158 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



top follows the sun, is mentioned by Columella x. 247 : the " malahe kepeute " is identified in Syn. 

 Diosc. with the " malva ortfinsis " of the Romans : A. rosea is termed " malva rosea folio subro- 

 tundo " by Tournefort inst. 94 ; was observed by Forskal in gardens on Malta ; and is cultivated for 

 ornament from Spain throughout middle Europe (Cav. ii. pi. 28 f. 1, and Pers.). Eastward from 

 Syria, was observed by Graham " in gardens " near Bombay ; by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah ; by 

 Kaempfer, and Thunberg, cultivated everywhere in Japan and called " fujoo," or usually " kibatsisso." 

 By European colonists, was carried prior to 1669 (Joss.) to Northeast America, where it continues a 

 favourite garden flower. | 



Alceaficifolia of the East Mediterranean countries. A larger kind of hollihock often confounded, 

 with the preceding, but called in Egypt " khatmyeh " (Del.) and agreeing better with the " malahe " 

 of Hesiod, — and "malahe kepeute" of Dioscorides more suitable for food, in the added Synonyms 

 identified with the "anthelna" of Pythagoras, " thiathe'sma" of Zoroaster, and " aigos splen " or 

 " oura muos " of the prophets . the " malahe " is described by Theophrastus i. 3. 2 as growing as 

 tall and big as a spear in six or seven months : A. ficifolia was observed by Hawkins, Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, wild in Crete and the Peloponnesus ; is known to grow also in Siberia (Pers.). Farther 

 South, is called in Egyptian " htikorten " (Syn. Diosc.) or " katmis " (Kirch.) ; •' malvas " in Arabia 

 said to furnish a staff in the seventh month, are mentioned by Pliny xix. 22 ; the " khatmi " is men- 

 tioned by Rhazes, Avicenna, and Abd-allatif ; and A. ficifolia was observed by Forskal p. lv and 

 mat. med., and Delile, under cultivation in Egypt, its leaves cooked and eaten, and leaves and flowers 

 imported besides from Asia Minor for medicinal use. Westward, the " malope *' of the Greeks is 

 identified by Pliny xx. 84 with the larger " malva sativa : " A. ficifolia is termed " a. rosea hortensis 

 maxima folio ficus " by Tournefort inst. 98 ; and is cultivated for ornament from Spain throughout 

 middle Europe (Cav. ii. pi. 28. f. 2). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it continues in gardens, accompanying the preceding species. 



Phaseelus max of Tropical Arabia and Hindustan. Erect (Pers.), and called in Nubia "kache- 

 ryngy " (Del.), in Yemen " koschari," (Forsk.), in Palestine " maseh " (Rauwolf); in which we rec- 

 ognize the MA2A of Hesiod op. 590, — Herodotus, Achaeus, Cratinus, Aristophanes acharn. 835, 

 Xenophon, and the " mikron phasiolon " from Alexandria mentioned by Alexander Trallianus vii. 2. 

 8 : the " maseh " or " maddj " is mentioned by Maserjawia, Rhazes, Avicenna, Serapion, and Ebn 

 Baitar, is identified by Ebn Batuta with the " koshira," came according to Ebn Djokljol from Yemen 

 where it is called " aktan," and in the days of Abd-allatif was not sown in Egypt but was imported 

 by druggists from Syria ; " Dolichos " seeds imported from " Aleppo " and called " maseh," were 

 seen by Forskal mat. med. in the drug-shops of Egypt : P. max is termed " pisum indicum " by 

 Plempius ; is well known in Persia (Del.) ; was observed by Rauwolf, and rabbi Schwarz ii. 2, under 

 cultivation in Palestine ; by Delile, under cultivation at Syene, and by Forskal p 214 also in Yemen. 

 Eastward, the "madia" or " masha " is mentioned in the Institutes of Manu ix. 39, and by D'han- 

 vantari, and Susrutas iv. 6 to 35 : the black-seeded variety called black gram is less esteemed in 

 Hindustan (Drur.), but according to Crawfurd, and Mason, v. 467, is one of the most common pulses 

 of Burmah. P. max is described by Rumphius v. pi. 140 (Pers.) ; is perhaps the erect species seen 

 by Blanco on the Philippines, in many places the principal food of the natives, and called in Tagalo 

 "balatong" or " mongos." (See P. mungo). 



"957 B. C. = 45th year of Mou-wang " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Twenty-ninth 

 cycle. 



956 B. C. = " 2 tst year Sesonk ; " the latest date in his reign found on the monuments — (Leps. 

 k. tab. p. 19). 



The same year (=r 972 y. 357 ¥ 6 5 d. — " 17 years " of 1 K. xiv. 21), Rehoboam succeeded at Jeru- 

 salem by his son Abijah or Abijam, fifth Jewish king. 



Allium roseum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "agrio krgmmuthi " (Sibth.), 

 the equivalent of f Vt~9fl hbtzld of Cant. ii. 1, — and Isaiah xxxv. 1 : A. roseum was observed by 

 Delile on the Mediterranean border of Egypt near Alexandria ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in Crete 

 and the Peloponnesus. Westward, the " allium in arvis sponte nascens " or " alum " is mentioned by 

 Pliny xix. 34 ; A. roseum is described by Magnol xi. pi. 10, and Rudbeck ; is termed " a. sylvestre 

 sive moly minus roseo amplo flore " by Tournefort inst. 385 ; and is known to occur in cultivated 

 ground in Italy, Barbary, and Southern France (Desf., Tenore, and Pers.). 



Narcissus Orientalis of Syria and Palestine. The tVM9trt hbtsld of Canticles ii. 1. and 



Isaiah xxxv. 1, is referred here by Sprengel : N. Orientalis was observed by Chateaubriand trav. ii. 

 122 abounding in the district of Sharon, between Joppa and Caesarea. Transported to Europe, is 

 described by Rudbeck elys. ii. p. 52 (Pers.). 



Jnglans rcgia of Persia and the Himalayan mountains. Called in English gardens walnut, in 

 France "noix" (Nugent), in Germany " wallnuss," in Italy " noce " (Lenz), in Greece "karuthia" 

 (Fraas), in Egypt "gios "(....), in which we recognize the 21 \K agwz of Canticles vi. 1 j, — 



