OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 193 



" Gumnesias " or Balearic Islands (Strab. xiv. 2. 10). The Rhodians were skilled in the use of the 

 sling — (Sil. Ital. iii. 364) : but in this particular their reputation was eventually eclipsed by the Balearic 

 Islanders (see Lycophr., Diodor., Flor., and others). 



913 B. C. (= 924 y. i6o£| d. — " 12 years " of twelve lunations of 1 K. xvi. 23 to 31), Omri 

 succeeded by his son Ahab, seventh king of Israel. Who married Jezebel, daughter of Eithobalus or 

 " Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians " 



Cuscuta Europcza of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain dodder (Prior), 

 in Egypt "haraoul" (Del.) ; the "hamul elkattan of Egypt" is identified by Ebn Baitar with the 

 "kuschut," and the +"10A/r'P ktsyowd of Psalm xlv. 8 — may be compared: " keschut " seeds 

 imported from Syria and taken internally as a cosmetic, especially by the Jews, were seen in Egypt 

 by Forskal mat. med. ; the living C. Europasa was observed by him, and Delile, around Cairo, and 

 by Hasselquist in Palestine. Northward and Westward, is described by Linnaeus ; is termed " c. 

 vulgaris " by Persoon, " c. major " by Decandolle (Steud.) ; is known to grow in middle Europe and 

 as far as Denmark (Thuil., Lam. fl. fr., Engl. bot. pi. 378, and fl. Dan. pi. 199). 



Cuscuta epilinum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Germany "flachsseide " 

 (Grieb, and Fraas), and from the name given by Ebn Baitar perhaps the species in question : — the 

 " angina lini " is mentioned by Pliny xvi. 44 : C. epilinum is described by Weihe ; but in the absence 

 of flax crops, was not seen by Fraas in Greece. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast 

 America, where it was observed by Engelmann " sparingly introduced with flax-seed into the Northern 

 States." 



Cuscuta monogyna of the East Mediterranean countries. Possibly the species in question : — 

 the "kathutas " is described by Theophrastus caus. ii. 17. 3 as a little Syrian herb growing upon trees, 

 thorns, and other plants ; twining around them, according to Pliny xvi. 92 : a species of Cuscuta is 

 distinctly described by Serapion (according to F. Adams) : " cuscuta " seeds from the Thebaid are 

 distinguished by Forskal mat. med.; and the living C. monogyna was observed by Berthe in gardens 

 not far from Gizeh. Farther North, is termed " c. orientalis viticulis crassissimis convolvuli fructu " 

 by Tournefort cor. 45 ; and was observed by Sibthorp on tamarisks near Smyrna. 



912 B. C. (= 952 y. 357^ d. — "41 years " of I K. xv. 10), Asa succeeded at Jerusalem by his 

 son Jehoshaphat, seventh Jewish king. 



The same year (= " 1182 " — a break of about 270 years, Lassen i. 473, and Buns. iv. 7. 1), ac- 

 cession of Gonarda III., the initial point of the Cashmere chronicle, hardly earlier than this date. 



910 B. C. (=911 y. 357^- d. — " 3d year " of 2 Chron. xvii. 7), by order of Jehoshaphat, " the 

 book of the law " carried by a commission of princes, Levites, and priests, "throughout all the cities 

 of Judah, and taught the people." 



"909 B. C. = 1st year of Hiao-wang, of the Tcheou" or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



907 B. C. (= 1071 — " 165th year" of Cyrill. adv. Jul. p. n), Laosthenes reigning in Assyria ; 

 Silvius, at Alba in Latium ; Agelas, at Corinth ; and Labotas with a colleague, at Sparta. (The 

 statement is however shown by Clinton to be taken from Eusebius' table). 



In the joint reign at Sparta of Labotas with Prytanis son of Eurypon, war against the Argives 

 (Aristot. rep. ii. 6. 8, and Pausan. iii. 2. 3 to 7. 2). 



905 B. C. = " nth year of Takelut," mention of a deceased prince Uasarkan. "Towards the 

 close of the same year," death of queen Karumamma, a statue of whom — is now in the Louvre at 

 Paris (Birch). 



"904 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint, i. p. 23, Diodorus' numbers giving 1 169 — " 92 — 85 — 79 — 23 

 years " = 890), " Fifth " change in naval dominion. Leaving the Rhodians, the " Empire of the sea " 

 acquired by the Phrygians. — Held by them " twenty-five " years. 



Ervum ervilia of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain ers or bitter vetch, in France 

 "ers" (Prior), in Germany " erve " (Fraas) or " linsenwicke," in Greece " rovithia " or " rovi " or 

 " orovi," in which we recognize the "5rov6n," a medimnus-measure (bushel and a half) constituting 

 the price of blood among the citizens of Tralles for killing either a Lelegian or Minyan — (Plut. 

 quaest. gr. 46) : the " orovos " is mentioned also in the Hippocratic treatises Vict. acut. 11, 3 Morb. 

 30, 6 Morb. pop. 4, Int. affect. 1 and 25, and by Polemon diaet. 13, Demosthenes 598. 4, Aristotle 

 h. an. iii. 21, Phanias of Eresus, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Galen: E. ervilia was observed by 

 Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent in Greece, cultivated as well as growing spontaneously in cultivated 

 ground. Farther South, the " orovos " was known to Athenaeus in Egypt ; and E. ervilia as appears 

 from Alpinus has been sometimes cultivated there. Westward, the " orovos " is identified in the 

 Syn. Diosc. with the " orovoum " of the Romans : the " ervum " is mentioned as an ingredient in the 

 theriac of Antiochus Magnus, as having cured Augustus according to one of his own letters, and 

 as cultivated in Italy (Plin. xviii. 38 and xx. 100) ; is mentioned also by Virgil eel. 111. roo, Columella, 

 and Palladius : E. ervilia is described by C. Bauhin pin. 346; is termed " e. verum " by Tournefort 

 inst. 398 ; and is known to occur as a weed or sometimes cultivated throughout middle Europe as far 



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