OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 199 



By Choerilus, Hellanicus, Amyntas, Callisthenes, Aristobulus, Cleitarchus, Apollodorus, and Strabo 

 xiv. 5. 9). 



The dulcimer figured on the Assyrian monuments at Nineveh; — and is regarded by Bonomi 

 nin. iv. 3 and pi. 202 as the "swmfnyh" of Daniel iii. 5, and the "sumphfinia" of the Greeks. 



The cymbals also figured on the Assyrian monuments — (Bonom. pi. 201); and are found to have 

 continued essentially the same to the present day. 



The tambourine also figured on the Assyrian monuments — (Bonom. pi. 201) ; clearly the same 

 musical instrument in use to the present day. 



The tamboura or long guitar, figured on Assyrian monuments at Nimroud, — is identified by 

 Bonomi iv. 3 pi. 114 and 115 with the " sbka " or sackbut of Dan. iii. 5 ; the same instrument contin- 

 uing in use along the Euphrates and Tigris to the present day. 



The fallow deer, Cervus dama, figured on the Assyrian monuments at Nimroud — (Bonom. pi. 

 150): the "dama" is mentioned by Horace, Pliny viii. 79; and as semidomestic, " timidi venient 

 ad pocula damae," by Virgil. At the present day, the fallow-deer is chiefly known as kept in parks 

 throughout Europe ; but was seen wild in Palestine by Hasselquist, and Schubert (Kitt. bibl. cycl. ii. 

 p. 464). 



834 B. C. (= 850 y. 257JH d. — " 17 years " of twelve lunations of 2 K. xiii. 1), Jehoahaz suc- 

 ceeded by his son Jehoash or Joash, twelfth king of Israel. 



One hundred and fourth generation. Sept. 1st, 834, mostly beyond youth : 



832 B. C. (= 871 y. 357^ d. — "40 years " of 2 K. xii. 1, and 2 Chron. xxiv. 1), Jehoash suc- 

 ceeded at Jerusalem by his son Amaziah, twelfth Jewish king. 



The Edomites defeated and their city Selah captured by Amaziah. The name Selah was changed 

 to " Joktheel " — (2 K. xiv. 7) : but from the time of the Romans, the city has been called " Petra," 

 at least by Europeans. 



Amaziah next invited Joash king of Israel to battle, and was himself defeated. A portion of the 

 wall of Jerusalem was now broken down by Joash — (2 K. xiv. 7 to 13), and the calendar of the con- 

 querors (as will appear presently) was imposed on Judah. 



831 B. C. (=931 — "100 years after the Ionic Migration" of Apollodorus, Clem. Alex. i. p. 

 327), Agesilaus one of the two Spartan kings. 



The same year (= 1071 — " 240 years " of Apollod.), a date given for Homer, possibly that of 

 some of the Homerid hymns (see Hesiodic poems). 



Eryngium campestre of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain eryngo 

 (Prior), in France "panicaut" (Nugent) or " chardon roulant " or " herbe a cent tetes " (F6e), in 

 Denmark " hundred hoved " (Spreng.), in Germany " mannstreu," in Italy " eringio " or " calcatreppo " 

 (Lenz), in Greece " aggathia " or "phithaggathon" (Sibth.) ; the EKATO/V : KAPA of the Hymn 

 to Ceres 12 — may be compared ; also the " centum capita" or " eryngion candidam " celebrated among 

 the Magians, Pythagoreans, and in the Sapphic legend respecting Phaon (Piin. xxii. 9) : E. campes- 

 tre was observed by Forskal around the Dardanelles, and by Sibthorp in Greece, but by Fraas only 

 on high mountains. Westward, the " eruggion " or " eruggen " or " ermion " or " m61u " is identified in 

 Syn. Diosc. with the " sikdupno£x " of the Dacians, " kartSrai " or " kapitouloum karthous " of the 

 Romans, "kiotoukapSta" of the Spanish, and " herthan " or "hitha" or "mountain herb " of the 

 Numidians : E. campestre is termed "e. vulgare " by Tournefort inst. 327 ; was observed by Fors- 

 kal near Marseilles; is known to grow from Italy, Morocco, and Portugal (Schousb., and Pers.) 

 throughout middle Europe, in some instances clearly introduced, as far as Denmark (Ray, fl. Dan. 

 pi. 554, Wats., and A. Dec). Has been long used medicinally, and according to Lindley "a good 

 deal of the candied root is still sold." 



Eryngium viride of the East Mediterranean countries. An allied species called in Greece 

 "agkathia" or " phithagkatha," more abundant (Fraas), and possibly the plant in question ; as well 

 as the "krovusos" of the Egyptians — identified with the "eruggion" in Syn. Diosc. : the "erug- 

 gion" of Theophrastus vi. 1. 3, Heraclides, Apollodorus, Nicander ther. 645, Plutarch sympos. vii. 2, 

 its young leaves edible according to Dioscorides, is referred here by Fraas : E. viride is described 

 by Link ; was observed by Chaubard, and Fraas, abounding in Attica and the Peloponnesus ; and 

 the " E. campestre" called in Egypt " schakakel " and observed near the Mediterranean border by 

 Forskal, and Delile, may also be compared. 



Mentha pulegium of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain penny-royal, 

 by old writers "puliol royal," in Holland " poley " (Prior), in Germany " polei " (Grieb), in France 

 "pouliot" (Nugent), in Italy "pulegio" (Lenz), on Malta " poleg " (Forsk.), in Greece "gluphoni " 

 or " vlehfini " or by the Turks " filis cun " (Sibth.), in Egypt " hoboq " (Del.) ; in which we recognize 

 the " vlehSna" identified by Dioscorides with the 'WHXO/VI of the Hymn to Ceres 209, — Heracli- 

 tus, Aristophanes, Polemon diaet. ii, 1 Mul. morb. 606, Theophrastus ix. 16. 1, Theocritus, Nicander 

 ther. 877, Plutarch garrul. 17, or the " vlehdn " of Aristophanes pac. 712, Aristophon, and Athenaeus : 



