208 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



mul. 45, Apollonius Memphites, and "knestron " of I Morb. mul. in, are all identified in Syn. Diosc. 

 with the " thumelaia " of Dioscorides, a shrub growing in rough mountainous situations and produc- 

 ing " knith£ios kokkos," its leaves also collected and dried and specially called " kngoron : " the 

 "thumelaia " or " puros ahnen" is further identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " apolinon " or "linon" 

 of the Syrians, named from the resemblance ; the " thymelaeam " or " pyros achnen " or " cnestron " 

 or "linum" of Greece and Asia is described from Dioscorides by Pliny xiii. 35 and xxi. 29; and 

 "habb Cnidijeh" are mentioned by Ebn Baitar: D. Gnidium was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, 

 and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus throughout Greece frequent in the situations indicated by Dios- 

 corides. Westward, is described by Matthioli, and Clusius (Spreng.) ; is termed " th. foliis lini " by 

 Tournefort inst. 594; and is known to grow in Italy, Barbary, Spain, and Southern France (Pers., 

 and Lenz). Its properties according to Lindley are "like those of Mezereum" (see D. cneorum).. 



"777 B. C. = 5th year of Yeou-wang" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Thirty-second cycle. 



"776 B. C." (= "2d year of the Athenian archon Aeschylus and in the reign of Uzziah," E'useb. 

 and Clint., = 1413 — ''51 — 6r — 20 — 60 — 5 — 7 — 135 — 130 — 120 — 40 — 8 years " and in 

 the reign of "Petouvates " of the Afr -Maneth. table, the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving 332 -(- " 6 -j- 

 4 -\- 6 -\- 20 -|- 21 y. 4 mo. + 6+120 y. 4 mo. -\- 163 -f- 44 + 44 + 10 " = 776 y. 8 mo.), the First 

 registered Olympiad : Coroebus declared victor. 



" Sept. 6th " = " winter, on the first day of the tenth month in the 6th year of Yeou-wang " (Li- 

 tai-ki-sse, Gaubil, and Pauth. 106), eclipse of the sun. 



As early probably as this date, products of the Moluccas brought to China.* 



* Cocculns crispus of the Equatorial portion of the Malayan archipelago, from Java to the Moluc- 

 cas. A woody climber spreading over trees, called in Malay "putra-wali " (Lindl.), and from early 

 times employed medicinally : — termed " funis felleus " by Rumphius v. pi. 44 ; and known to prow 

 on Java, Baley, and Amboyna, the whole plant exceedingly bitter, a powerful febrifuge employed by 

 the Malays in intermittents (Roxb., and Lindl.). 



Hedera umbellifera of the Moluccas. A woody Araliaceous plant — termed by Rumphius ii. 

 pi. 12 " pseudosantalum amboinense " as observed on the mountains of Amboyna, yielding according 

 to Lindley " a blackish or dull brown resin with a very powerful aromatic or camphorated odour." 

 The plant from transported specimens is described by Lamarck diet. i. 225. 



Strychnos ligustrina of Timor and neighbouring islands Having the aspect of the orange tree 

 and called "caju-ular'' or " caju-nassi " or " caju-bidara-pait " or " caju-bidara-laut " (Lindl.) ; and 

 from early times in the Malayan archipelago its wood employed medicinally: — described bv Rum- 

 phius ii. pi. 38 and termed "lignum colubrinum caju ular ; " furnishing according to Blume rum. i. 68 

 the lignum colubrinum of Timor, formerly in the highest estimation, but omitted from modern prac- 

 tice (Lindl.). 



Soulamea amara of the shores of the Moluccas. A Polygalaceous shrub or small tree, from 

 early times used medicinally: — termed "rex amaroris " by Rumphius ii. pi. 41 from the '• horrenda 

 amirities " intense bitterness of all its parts, especially the roots and fruit. In the Malayan archi- 

 pehgo, according to Lindley, employed "with extraordinary success in cholera, and pleurisy, and 

 most valuable as a febrifuge." 



Sandoricum Indicum of the Eastern portion of the Malayan archipelago. An elegant Melia- 

 ceous tree called in Burmah "theet-to" (Mason), in Malay "santoor" (Graham), in Tagalo " santol " 

 (Blanco); and from early times, its fruit eaten and sweet scented wood valued: — observed by 

 Rumphius i. pi. 61 on the Moluccas (Pers.) ; by Blanco, well known on the Philippines. Westward, 

 by Blume on Java, its root aromatic, stomachic and antispasmodic, employed in combination with 

 bark of the root of Xylocarpus obovatus against leucorrhoea (Lindl.); by Mason v. 457 to 525, 

 "exotic" in Burmah, affording "good timber" and the "fleshy acid pulp" of its mangosteen-like 

 fruit highly relished by the natives ; was observed by Roxburgh in Hindustan ; and by Nimmo has 

 been recently introduced into the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



Cicca disticha of the Eastern portion of the Malayan archipelago. The coimlty gooseberrv is a 

 small Euphorbiaceous tree called in the environs of Bombay '■ harparewree " (Graham), in Hindus- 

 tanee " harfaroorie," in Telinga " rassa useriki," in Tamil " arunelli," in Bengalee " nubaree " (Drur.), 

 in Burmah " them-bau-hzee-phyu " (Mason) ; and from early times, its fruit eaten : — termed " chera- 

 mela" by Rumphius vii. pi. 33 ; and probably one of the species seen on the Philippines by Blanco. 

 Westward, was observed by Mason v. 454 to 479 " exotic " in Burmah, planted all over the country, 

 its fruit "highly" valued by the natives, and seeds employed as purgatives ; was observed in Hin- 

 dustan by Roxburgh, and Buchanan ; by Rheede iii. pi. 47 and 48, in Malabar ; by Graham, " pretty 

 common in gardens, Bombay," its fruit of the " size of a gooseberry," having " an acid flavour," and 

 "sometimes sold in the bazar.'' 



Casalpinia. nuga of the Moluccas. Woody, unarmed, when growing among trees climbin°-, and 



