OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 209 



" 775 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), Arctinus, the earliest poet of the epic Cycle, at this time writ- 

 ing. One of his verses is important in Greek Mythology, from representing Jupiter dancing. 



"774 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), in Italy, the two cities of Pandosia and Metapontum founded 

 by Greek colonists. 



771 B. C. (= 753 + " 10 + 8 yrs" of the Afr.-Maneth. table, the Euseb.-Maneth. 

 I table giving -\- " 10 -|- 9 yrs " = 772), Pgtoubates succeeded by Osorho" or Osorthfin, 

 I second king of the Twenty-third dynasty. By the Egyptians, he was "called Hercu- 

 les." The name of king Osarkon III. occurs on contemporaneous monuments — 

 (Leps. k. pi. 46). 



The mummy recently unrolled in Boston proved to be that of a person who died in this king's 

 reign : the ovals of " Osorkon III." being stamped on leather bands. 



Cyperus rotundas of Tropical and Subtropical Asia. The nut-grass is called in Greece "ku- 

 pSire " (Sibth.), in Egypt. " sa'ed," in Nubia " magysseh " (Del.), and tubers unrolled from this mummy 

 — appeared to me to belong here : the living C. rotundus was observed in Egypt by Delile. Farther 

 North, the "kupSiron " having a fragrant root is mentioned by Hippocrates vict. acut. 409; by Theo- 

 phrastus iv. 10. 5 and od. 28 as difficult to extirpate, producing at intervals underground swellings, 

 an ointment from its roots imported from the Cyclades ; by Dioscorides, as occurring in cultivated 

 ground and producing a plexus of olive-like roots ; is identified in the added Synonyms with the 

 " iSunkoum " or " iounki radikem " of the Romans, and the " iunci trianguli " by Pliny xxi. 69 with 

 the "cyperon:" C. rotundus is described by Morison viii. pi. 11; is termed "c. r. vulgaris " by 

 Tournefort 527 ; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus throughout 

 the Greek islands, troublesome in vineyards and its roots according to Hawkins placed on account of 

 their fragrance among clothing; is known to occur also in Italy and other parts of Southern Europe 

 (Gouan, Targ , and Steud.). Eastward from Egypt, is called in Bengalee " moothoo," in Telinga 

 " shaka-toonga," in Tamil " koray " (Drury) ; was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay, 

 its roots "used both as a perfume and medicine;" by Rottler, and Roxburgh, in other parts of Hin- 

 dustan, and according to Drury "is perhaps the most common species" as far as Bengal; is described 

 also by Rumphius vi pi. 1 ; roots of a Cyperus that "taste like filberts" were seen by Mason v. p. 

 473 in Burmah ; and C. rotundus by Thunberg in Japan, and called " kobusi " or"sanrio" By 

 European colonists, was carried to America, probably to the West Indies or Florida, and extending 

 thence has become exceedingly troublesome in cultivated ground in our Southern States ; is termed 

 "c. hydra " by Michaux. (See Lathyrus amphicarpus). 



" In this year" (Lacharme note to Chi-King i. 6. 1) the Chinese emperor Yeou-wang defeated 

 and slain by the prince of Chin assisted by the Western Tartars. Succeeded by his son Y-kieou, 

 who took the name of Ping-wang. 



" 770 B. C. = 1st year of Ping-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



A vase inscribed with a decree of Ping-wang, ceding territory to the prince of Thsin, has been 

 discovered in the province of Chen-si — (Pauth. 107). 



from early times employed medicinally: — observed by Rumphius v. pi. 50 on Amboyna (Pers.), a 

 decoction of the root used according to Lindley in calculous and nephritic complaints. 



Nipa fruticans of the Eastern portion of the Malayan archipelago. A stemless palm with 

 long hard loosely-pinnate fronds, called in Burmah "da-ne" (Mason), in Tagalo "sasa" or " nipa " 

 (Blanco), and known from early times : — observed by Rumphius i. pi. 16, and Thunberg . . . ; by 

 Blanco, and myself, wild on the seashore of the Philippines. Westward, by Mason " exotic " in 

 Burmah, " very extensively cultivated " in Tavoy for its crude sap or toddy, which is boiled down 

 into sugar, its leaves also used for thatching. 



Eurycles Amboinoisis of the Eastern portion of the Malayan archipelago. A fragrant white- 

 flowering bulb called in Burmah "la-men" (Mason) ; in Tagalo " catongal," in Bisaya " catangal " 

 or "abur" or " panabor " or " tonuar " or " talaonor " or " dausun " (Blanco), and from early times 

 employed medicinally : — known to grow on Amboyna (Pers.) ; observed by Blanco in the sand of 

 the seashore of the Philippines, its root used by the natives as emetic and purgative. Westward, 

 was observed by Mason v. 431 to 807 "exotic" in Burmah, cultivated by the natives for ornament. 

 Transported to Europe, the "pancratium amboinense " is described by Rudbeck elys. ii. 238. f. 17, 

 and Linnaeus (Pers., and Steud.). 



Pachyma tuber-regium of the Moluccas. A tuberculated underground fungus large as the fist 

 or even a child's head and called on Java " djamor bonkang," by the Malays " uba radja " or " culat 

 batu," on Amboyna " ulathatu " (Lindl.), and from early times employed medicinally : — observed by 

 Rumphius 120 pi. 57 on Amboyna; and used in the medicine of Eastern nations against diarrhoea, 

 pains in the face, fevers, etc. (Fries ii. 243, and Lindl.). 



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