OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



217 



tivation* By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where according to Bojer it 

 is almost naturalized ; to Brazil, observed by myself planted for ornament around Rio Janeiro. Its 

 oil, exported at first by residents of the Hawaiian Islands, has now become generally known in com- 

 merce. 



" 719 B. C. = 1st year of Hing-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



718 B. C. (= 722 y. 233^ d. — "6th year" of twelve lunations, 2 K. xviii. 10), Samaria cap- 

 tured by the Assyrians under Shalmaneser; terminating the kingdom of the Ten tribes. The con- 

 quered Israelites were removed and placed " in Halah and in Habor " by " the river of Gozan, and 

 in the cities of the Medes." — (The river Gozan is identified by Rennel geogr. Herod, with the Ozan, 

 flowing through Ghilan into the Caspian Sea). The account of the Colchians by Herodotus ii. 104 

 may be compared, as affording at least many points of resemblance. 



" 717 B. C. = 3d year of Hing-wang " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Thirty-third cycle. 



" 7' 6 B. C." (= 546 -\- " 170 years " of Herodotus, and Clint ), death of the Lydian king Can- 

 daules, and accession of Gyges, head of a new dynasty. 



The luxurious costume and -habits of his countrymen of Samos, described in a poem by Asius. 



Daphne argentea of the Peloponnesus and Greek islands. Called on Samos " sarSmatahi " 

 (Tourn.), and used there for brooms and for procuring a yellow dye as early probably as the time of 

 Asius: —observed and distinguished from D. tartonraira by Wheeler, and Tournefort trav. ii. 135, 

 regarded also as a distinct species by Sibthorp and Smith : termed " thymelaea seu tartonraire lini 

 foliis argenteis " by Tournefort cor. 41 as observed by him on Samos ; by Sibthorp, on Samos and 

 Salimis, but more abundant around Corinth. 



715 B. C (=759 — "44 years" of the Egyptian Chronicle and Euseb.-Maneth. 

 table), Sevihos succeeded by Tarakos or Tarkos, third king of the Twenty-fifth 

 dynasty. He is mentioned in 2 K. xix. 9, and by Strabo i and xv. The name of 

 king Taharka occurs at Medinet-abu, also on mummy-cases, and in inscriptions as far 

 up the Nile as Gebel Barkal in Upper Nubia. 



The Second epoch in Nubian or Ethiopian history (according to Lepsius eg. and sin. p. 17 and 

 152), begins with Taharka: by whom and his immediate successors, magnificent buildings were 

 erected ; all (it is inferred) in the Egyptian style of art. The oldest structures of real Ethiopian 

 ■workmanship are probably those at Gebel Barkal, and are "perhaps not earlier than Taharka." 



Ruta tuberculata of the Egyptian Desert. Called in Nubia " geryg el-ghazal," in Egypt 

 "megennyneh" (Del) or " maaddjenninas " (Forsk.), in Egyptian " mtotf " or " ft&tf" (Kirch., and 

 ms. Par.), and as early doubtless as this date the juice mixed in water by the women of Egypt to 

 wash the head and lengthen the .hair, — as witnessed by Forskal p. 86: the plant was observed by 

 Forskal, and Delile, in the Desert around Cairo. 



"712 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), at Athens, accession of Leocrates, fifth Decennial archon. 



" The same year " (Mela i. 19, and Clint.), on the Propontis, Astacus founded by Greek colonists 

 from Megara. — At the end of " four hundred and forty-eight years," the name of the city was changed 

 to Nicomedia. 



Medicago a'borea of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " triphulloklatha " 

 (Fraas); and the " cytisus " discovered on Cythnus and carried thence to other Greek islands and 

 the cities of Greece — (Plin. xiii. 47 and xviii. 43), or " kutisos " of Archilochus (schol. Nic. ther., and 

 Gesn. praef. Trag), Cratinus, Eupolis, Democritus, Amphilochus, Aristomachus, Polemon diaet. ii. 

 25, 1 Morb. mul. 73, Antilochus (schol. Nic. ther. 617), Theocritus, mentioned by Aristotle iii. 21 

 as given to cattle, by Dioscorides as planted near hives to attract the bees, is referred here by 

 Honorius Bellus. and writers generally: M. arborea was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on rocks 

 in Attica and on the Greek islands. Westward, the " kutisos " or " telinen " or " l<5ton m£gan " or 

 " triphullon " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the '■ tripholioum maious " of the Romans ; the " cytisus " 

 is mentioned by Virgil, Hyginus, Columella, but continued rare in Itaiy in the days of Pliny: M. 

 arborea is described by Maranta, and Lobel ii. pi. 46; is termed " m. trifolia frutescens incana " by 

 Tournefort inst. 412 ; is known to occur in Italy (Pers., and Lenz), and has become frequent in other 

 parts of Southern Europe (Fe'e). 



711 B. C. (== 710 y. 9 s 9 B 8 j d. = 717 y. 287J-I4 d. — " '4-th year " of twelve lunations of 2 K. 



xvin. 



13). an Assyrian army under Sennacherib, traversing Palestine against rumoured opposition from 

 " Tirhakah king of Ethiopia," and threatening Jerusalem, destroyed in one night — (2 K. xix. 9 to 35, 

 and Herodot). 



* Bambusa amnJinacea var. nana. The " small bamboo " mentioned in the Chou-King ii. 1. n 

 as growing in the Southern provinces of China — (Pauth. p. 48) is probably this dwarf variety. Ac- 

 cording to Mason v. 525, "the Chinese dwarf bamboo " introduced "from Penang"into Burmah, 

 " makes a pretty hedge, and when cut annually, looks like an English quick-set hedge." 



2S 



