2l8 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



710 B. C. (2 K. xix. 36 and 37), returning to Nineveh, Sennacherib was assassinated by his sons 

 Adrammelech and Sharezer; who "escaped into the land of Armenia." The revolt of the Medes, 

 and consequent dissolution of the Assyrian Empire (an event placed at this date by Josephus and 

 Herodotus, but Ctesias has 1071 + " 1000 — 1360 years " = 711, and in Euseb. ii. from the same 

 point " 25th of Teutamus," _ 7 _" 40 — 30 — 40 — 38 — 45 — 30 — 20 — 50 — 42 — 20 years " 

 = 709) : leaving to Esarhaddon, son and successor of Sennacherib, only the reduced kingdom of 

 Assyria proper. 



" The same year" (Dionys., and Clint.), the city of Crotona in Southern Italy founded by Greek 

 colonists. 



" 709 B. C." (Herodot, and Clint.), the Medes having gained independence and power, com- 

 mencement of the " fifty-three " years attributed to their leader Deioces. (A year later is indicated 

 by other authorities, 776 +43 — " 2 & — 3° — 4° — T 3 " = 7°8 = 776 -)- " 40 — 28 — 20 — 30 — • 

 30 years " of Euseb. i = 816 — "28 — 50 — 30 years of Ctesias in Diodor. ii. 32). 



" The same year '' (:= 704 -\- " 5 years " of Astronom. can., and Clint, i. p. 278), Mardocempadus 

 succeeded by Archianus, as king of Babylon. At Jerusalem (709 y. 20 / 8 6 „ d. = 694 y. i83j-|$ d. -|- 

 " 15 years" of twelve lunations of 2 K. xx. 6, and Isai. xxxviii. 5), recovery of king Hezekiah from 

 sickness. — (For the arrival of the Babylonian embassy mentioned in 2 K. xx. and Isai. xxix., see 

 below). 



"July 17th," on the "first day of the Seventh month in the 1 ith year of Houan-wang" (Khoung- 

 tseu, the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), total eclipse of the sun. 



Ephedra distachya of the shores of the Mediterranean. An Equisetum-like shrub called in 

 Greece "polukompos" (Sibth.) : the "tragos" moistening its gray beard in the sea indicated by the 

 Oracle to Phalanthus — (Diod. viii. 21), described by Dioscorides as a shrubby and decumbent plant 

 growing by the seaside, leafless, with numerous red berries large as a grain of wheat pointed and 

 very astringent, identified in the added Synonyms with the "traganos" or "skorpion," is referred 

 here by writers: E. distachya was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, on rocks exposed to 

 the sea throughout Greece and the Greek islands, and farther inland on mount Athos and by the 

 roadside near Smyrna. Westward, the account of the " herba tragos" by Pliny xxvii. 116 seems 

 chiefly taken from Dioscorides : E. distachya is described by Ruellius, Dalechamp, Camerarius, and 

 Barrelier pi. 731 ; is termed "e. maritima minor" by Tournefort inst. 663 ; and is known to grow 

 on stony hills exposed to the sea in Barbary and Southern Europe (Pers., and Spreng.). 



"70S B. C." (Hieronym., and Clint.), the city of Tarentum in Southern Italy founded by Pha- 

 lanthus and the " Parthenians '' (expatriated Spartans of illegitimate birth). 



In this year (= "01. 18th" of Xanthus, see also Hellan., and Glaucus of Rhegium), Terpander. 

 His improvement in combining poetry with instrumental music (Clem. Alex., and Plut. mus. 3) hardly 

 later than this date. Terpander composed hymns, some of them in hexameter verse (Sm. b. d.). 



The Homerid hymn to Mercury 51 containing an account of the seven-stringed lyre (the invention 

 of Terpander), not earlier than this date. 



Hedera helix of the Himalayan mountains. Called in Britain i:y, in Anglo-Saxon " ifig," in Old 

 High German " ebah " (Prior), in current German "epheu" (Grieb), in France " lierre " (Nugent), 

 in Italy "ellera" or " edera " (Lenz), in Greece "kissos" (Sibth.), in Egyptian " henosiris " or 

 "shSnosiris" (Plut. is. and osir.) ; in which we recognize the Kl££0£ mentioned in the Homerid 

 hymn to Dionysus or Bacchus 40, — also by Anacreon (anthol. pal. vi. 134 and vii. 29), Pratinas, 

 Pindar, Cratinus, Sophocles, Theophrastus, Erasistratus, Theocritus, Semus Delius, Dioscorides, 

 Athenaeus xiv. 16, and that Harpalus attempted without success to introduce into Media (Plin. xvi. 

 62) : the " kissos " is mentioned also in 2 Mace. 6. 7 : H. helix, I was informed, has not been suc- 

 cessfully cultivated in Egypt ; was observed by Hasselquist on mount Tabor in Palestine ; by Forskal, 

 Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, seemingly wild from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands. 

 Westward, the "kissos" or " nusion " or "thionusion" or " pgrsis " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with 

 the " souvites '' of the Gauls, and " silva mater " or " gthera " of the Romans ; the " edera " or 

 "hedera" is mentioned by Cato in, Horace, Ovid fast. iii. 766, Columella, and Tacitus: H. helix 

 is termed " h. arborea " by Tournefort inst. 613 ; and seems at least completely naturalized in Europe, 

 clinging to trees and rocks from Italy as far as Sweden (Curt, lond., Pers.. Spreng., and Lenz). 

 Eastward from Palestine, Alexander was informed by priests of Bacchus on the Upper Indus that 

 the "kissos" there grew only on mount Meros : H. helix was observed by Royle wild on the Him- 

 alayan mountains (Kitt. bibl. cycl. ii. p. 203 to 217). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast 

 America, where its cultivation for ornament is increasing in our Middle States. Is mentioned accord- 

 ing to Lindley "as a sudorific, and was once reputed to prevent drunkenness." 



" In this year" (Xanth., Clem. Alex., and Clint j, the poet Archilochus leaving Paros in company 

 with a colony for Thasos. 



Prunus insititia of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain wheaten plum 



