OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



219 



(Ainsw.) or bullace, by Turner "bulks," by Treveris " bolays," by Galfridus pr. pm. "bolas " (Prior), 

 by the Bretons "belosse" or "bolosse" (Le Gall), in France " prunier sauvage " (F<£e), in Germany 

 " haferpflaume " (Lenz), in Greece " agriothamaskenia " (Sibth.) or " koromeleV' (Fraas) ; in which 

 we recognize the KOKK VMH V N of Archilochus, — Hipponax, Aristophanes, having a round nucleus 

 according to Theophrastus iv. 2. 10, and further noticed by Nicander, Dioscorides, and Pollux i. 232 : 

 P. insititia was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, wild in Greece and as far as Smyrna ; is known to 

 grow also about Caucasus (Ledeb.) ; and cultivated varieties may be included in the "barkuk" of 

 Egypt and Yemen, the possible origin of the Greek name. Westward, the "prunum cereum " is 

 mentioned by Virgil, " prunus silvestris " by Columella, and " ingens turba prunorum " by Pliny 

 xv. 12: P. insititia occurs in debris of Swiss lake-villages belonging to the Stone Age (Heer) ; is 

 termed "p. sylvestris prascox altior " by Tournefort inst. 623; is known to grow wild in Italy and 

 throughout middle Europe (Linn., Pers., Bertol. fl. ital., and A. Dec). By European colonists, 

 cultivated varieties were carried to Northeast America, where they continue in our gardens intermin- 

 gled with prunes or damsons under the common name of plutu (see P. domestica). 



Crataegus tanacetifoiia of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " trikokkia " 

 (Sibth.), in which we recognize the " trikokkon " identified by Dioscorides with the M E& T I V ON of 

 Archilochus, — Eubulus, Superfoet. 25, Theophrastus iii. 12, Agatharchides 96, and others, a thorny 

 tree with edible fruit which resembles a small " mel6 " and contains three bony granules ; mentioned 

 also by Pollux i. 233, and " mSspilon " water prescribed by Hippocrates vict. acut. 62 : C. tanacetifoiia 

 is termed " m. orientalis tanaceti folio villoso magno fructu pentagono e viridi flavescente " by Tour- 

 nefort cor. 44 and trav. ii. pi. 172, and was observed by him, Sibthorp, and Fraas, on all the high 

 mountains of Greece. 



" 704 B. C." (= 404 -f- " 300 years " of Thucyd. i. 13 and Clint, see also Herodotus, and Diodor. 

 xiv. 42), trireme galleys, a new and larger class of sea-going vessels, built for the Samians by Amino- 

 cles of Corinth. — Row-galleys continued in use on the Mediterranean in the days of Baumgarten, 

 and Cervantes : and even now, the term " galley-slave " has hardly become obsolete in the English 

 language. 



" The same year" (= 702 -)- " 2 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint, i. p. 278), at Babylon, 

 end of the reign of Archianus. 



703 B. C. (Beros., Alex. Polyhist, and Clint, i. p. 278), after reigning "thirty days" at Babylon, 

 Hagisa slain and succeeded by Marudach Baldanes. Who reigned " six months ; " and is regarded 

 (by Josephus and Eusebius) as the king who '' sent letters and a present " to Hezekiah at Jerusalem 

 (2 K. xx. 12, and Isai. xxxix. 1, see above). The embassy is proof, that Babylon was now independ- 

 ent of Assyria. 



" 702 B. C." (= 699 -f- " 3 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), Marudach Baldanes slain, 

 and the accession of Elibus or Belibus as king of Babylon. 



"The same year" (Euseb., and Clint.), at Athens, accession of Apsander, sixth Decennial 

 archon. 



One hundred and eighth generation. Jan. 1st, 700, mostly beyond youth : the Greek poet 

 Tyrtaeus, and the Messenian bard Theoclus (Blair). 



" 699 B. C." (= 693 -j- " 6 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint., see also Beros., and Alex. 

 Polyhist.), "in the third year of Elibus," Babylon captured by an Assyrian king, and placed under 

 the rule of his son Apronadius (On comparing 2 K. xvii. 24 and Ezr. iv. 2 to 10, the Assyrian king 

 is found to be Esarhaddon ; the son Apronadius corresponding to " Asnapper," who established 

 colonists from Babylon, Cuthah, Ava, Hamath, and Sepharvaim "in the cities of Samaria instead 

 of the children of Israel." 



"696 B. C. = 1st year of Tchoung-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



The same year = " 20th year of Taharka," on the monuments — (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 593). 



695 B. C. (= 722 y. 233^ B 4 T d. — "29 years " of twelve lunations of 2 K. xviii. 2 and 2 Chron. 

 xxix. 1), Hezekiah succeeded at Jerusalem by his son Manasseh, seventeenth Jewish king. 



"693 B. C." (= 692 -j- " I year" of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), Apronadius succeeded by 

 Regibalus, as king of Babylon. 



In this year = " 23d year of Taharka," invasion of Egypt by the Assyrians under Esarhaddon ; 

 who has left a record of his passage on the rocks at Nahr-el-Kelb, close to the tablet of Ramessu II. 

 (Birch.) His capture of the city of No — (On or Heliopolis) is mentioned by Nahum iii. 8. 



" The same year "(.... Suid., and Clint.), Simonides the iambic poet. He was contemporary 

 with Archilochus (Clem. Alex. i. p. 33), and led a migration from Samos to the neighbouring island 

 of Amorgos (Strab. x. p. 487, Steph. Byz., and Tzetz. xii. 52). 



The BAKKAPI ointment of Simonides of Amorgos — (Clem. Alex. paed. ii. 8), or " vakharis " 

 of Hipponax, Aeschylus, Magnes, Ion, Achaeus, Epilycus, Cephisidorus, and Athenaeus xv. 40, may 



