220 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



be compared with the " bachur " ointment of the Arabs. As prepared by Arab colonists in Spain 

 and Portugal, the ingredients are enumerated by Jao de Souza vestig. arab. 



Inula conyza of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain from its fragrant 

 root ploughman's spikenard (Pryor, and Cockayne) ; in which we recognize the " nardum rusticum " 

 identified by Pliny xxi. t6 with the " bacchar quoque radicis tantum odoratae " of which ointment 

 was made by the ancients — according to Aristophanes : the " vakharis " of Nat. mul. p. 535 to 549, 

 Vict, acut, Lucian lexiph p. 187, and Athenaeus xv. 41 is defined by Erotian voc. Hipp, as a plant 

 as well as kind of ointment, and the plant is described by Dioscorides as a fragrant coronary herb 

 with whitish and purple flowers and a cinnamon-scented root : I. conyza was observed by Sibthorp 

 in the environs of Constantinople. Westward, the " bacchare " plant worn in garlands according to 

 Virgil for protection against evil speaking, is referred here by Anguillara, and Gerarde p. 647 ; I. 

 comza is described also by Tragus, and Matthioli ; is termed " c. major vulgaris " by Tournefort inst. 

 454, " conyza squarrosa " by Linnaeus ; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as 

 Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 622, Engl. bot. pi. 1 195, Pers., and Spreng.). 



The same year (= 661 y. ioofl d. -f- " 37 years " of ten lunations, Sm. b. d.), Romulus succeeded 

 by Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome. — The tomb of Numa in the Janiculum is mentioned by 

 Pompeius Festus (Paul. Diac). 



Lathyrus sativus of the Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Britain cliiek- 

 ling vetch, in France " gesse " (Nugent) or " pois quarries" (Forsk ), in Germany " platterbse " 

 (Grieb), in Italy " cicerchia " (Lenz), in Greece " pgriolathouri " (Sibth.) or "lathouri" (Fraas), in 

 Egypt "gilban" (Del.) ; in which we recognize the " lathuron," one of the legumes among the 

 Romans prohibited to persons leading a chaste life — (Plut. qu. rom. 95) : the "cicercula" is men- 

 tioned by Columella ii. 10. 19, by Pliny xviii. 32 to xxii. 72 as " minuti ciceris inaequalis angulosi 

 veluti pisum," is also mentioned by Palladius ii. 5 : L. sativus is termed "1. s. ftore fructuque albo " 

 by Tournefort inst. 395 ; was observed by Forskal under cultivation near Marseilles ; is known to 

 occur cultivated and springing up spontaneously in Italy, Algeria, Spain, and as far as Switzerland 

 (Pers., Boiss., and A. Dec). Eastward, the " lathuros " is mentioned by Anaxandrides, Alexis, by 

 Theophrastus viii. 3 as having a compressed stem resting on the ground : and the " djilban," by Ebn 

 Djoldjol, and Ebn Baitar : L. sativus was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in mountainous culti- 

 vated ground in the Peloponnesus and on Parnassus ; by Delile, and Clot-Bey, under cultivation in 

 Upper Egypt and the seeds given to cattle ; is known to occur both cultivated and seemingly wild 

 about Caucasus and in the province of Talusch (Ledeb., and C. A. Meyer). Farther East, has Ben- 

 galee but no Sanscrit names (Pidd., and A. Dec.) ; is called " lang " in Guzerat, where it was observed 

 by Law " commonly cultivated " and " very pretty when in flower " (Graham). 



Lathyrus cicera of the Mediterranean countries, and as far as Caucasus. Called in France 

 "gesse chiche " (Fe"e), in Germany "grosse platterbse " (Fraas) ; and probably included in the pro- 

 hibited "lathuron : " — the "cicera'" is mentioned by Columella ii. 10 as employed for feeding cattle ; 

 the "columbinum" kind 'quod alii venerium vocant candidum rotundum leve," by Pliny xviii 32 to 

 xxii. 72 : L. cicera is described by Dodoens pempt. 523 ; is termed " 1. sativus flore purpureo '' by 

 Tournefort inst. 395 ; and is known to occur cultivated and springing up spontaneously from Trieste 

 and Northern Italy to Algeria and Spain (Pers., Boiss., A. Dec, and Lenz). Eastward, was observed 

 by Sibthorp, Deenzer, and Griesebach, from the Peloponnesus to Thrace and Asia Minor; and is 

 known to grow seemingly wild about Caucasus (Ledeb., and C. A. Meyer). By Columbus, " vitches " 

 were carried to the West Indies (F. Columb. 53), but at the present day their cultivation seems 

 unknown in America. 



"692 B. C." (= 688 -\- "4 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), Regibalus succeeded by 

 Mesesimordachus, as king of Babylon. The same date (=604 -j- " 20 -\- 21 -j- 21 -)- 8 -\- 18 years") 

 is given by Alexander Polyhistor for the accession of the Assyrian king Senecherimus. 



"The same year" (Euseb., and Clint.), accession of Eryxias, seventh Decennial archon at 

 Athens. 



" 691 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), the art of w, Iding together silver and iron discovered 1 >v Glau- 

 cus of Chios, a celebrated statuary in metal. A specimen of his workmanship, " a silver bowl having 

 an iron base," — was sent nearly a century later by the Lydian king Alyattes to Delphi (Herodot. . .) ; 

 and its " iron base, chased with figures of animals, insects, and plants " remained extant in the days 

 of Pausanias x. 16, and of Athenaeus v. p. 210. 



"690 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint, see also Philosteph., and Athen. vii. p. 297), in Pamphylia on 

 the Southern coast of Asia Minor, the city of Phaselis founded by Greek colonists under Lacius. 



"Not earlier than this year" (. . . . Clint.), the Second musical school at Sparta founded by Tha- 

 letas of Crete. 



The same year = " 26th year of Taharka ; " the latest date in his reign found on the monuments 

 (Leps. k. tab. p. 21). 



