OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 22 1 



Not earlier therefore than this date (the Euseb.-Maneth. table giving 339 -f- "6-(- 

 4 + 6 -|- 20 -(- 21 y. 4 mo. -)- 6 -)- 1 20 y. 4 mo. -|- 42 -|- 25 -|- 17 -f- 6 -+- 45 + 8 + 6 

 1 -f- 7 -(- 12 years " = 690 y. 8 mo.), end of the reign of Tarakos or Taharka. In the 

 Euseb.-Maneth. table, he is succeeded by the Ethiopian AmmSris. The name of 

 queen Amuniritis occurs on contemporaneous monuments (Leps. k. pi. 46). The suc- 

 cessor of Taharka is called Urdamani in the Assyrian annals, — and Rutamen by Birch hist. 178. 



A coffin dated in the reign of queen Amuniritis, — and now in the British museum, is described 

 by Birch. 



Melilotus officinalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Yellow-flowered and called 

 in Britain melilvt (Prior), in France " meTlot " (Nugent), in Germany " melilote " (Grieb), in Italy 

 " meliloto " or " loto domestico " or " tribolo " or " trifoglio odorato " (Lenz), in Greece " triphulli " 

 (Fraas), or " nehaki " (Sibth.), and possibly the " thfirmouthis of the prophets or " aimSith " of the 

 Egyptians — identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " mfililotos ; " described by Theophrastus caus. vi. 14 

 and od. 34 as giving out its lasting odour when dried ; by Dioscorides, as produced of the best qual- 

 ity in Attica, and at Cyzicum, and around Carthage : the "yellow-flowered melilot " is also mentioned 

 by Avicenna (Lobel hist. p. 501) : M. officinalis was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent in 

 moist situations throughout Greece and the Greek islands ; is enumerated by Clot-Bey as long known 

 in Egypt, and dried " melilothus " was observed there in drug-shops by Forskal. Westward, a 

 " melilotus " growing everywhere " recens nee candicans " herbaceous and not hoary " et croco quam 

 simillima " is distinguished by Pliny xxi. 37; the "melilotus" of Palladius xi. 14. 8 may also be 

 compared : M. officinalis is described by Matthioli p. 809; is termed "melilotus officinarum germa- 

 niae " by Tournefort inst 407 ; and is known to occur in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far 

 as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 934, and Pers.), in Britain regarded by Watson and others as a naturalized 

 exotic. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in cultivated 

 and fallow ground in our middle and Southern States (A. Gray, and Chapm ) ; also to Southeast 

 Australia, where it has become naturalized, even in the Interior (Corder, and A. Dec). Its odour 

 in herbaria according to Sprengel has continued perceptible more than an age : and the decoction 

 according to Lindley is sometimes used medicinally. 



Melilotus alba of middle Asia. The white-flowered melilot, by some writers regarded as not dis- 

 tinct, — was already in Italy in the days of Pliny xxi. 37, who enumerates the " Candida" as the most- 

 odorous kind of " melilotos : " M. alba is termed " m. officinarum germaniae flore albo " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 407 ; and is known to occur throughout middle Europe as far as Britain, where it is regarded 

 by Watson and others as exotic and introduced (A. Dec). Eastward, the "white-flowered" kind 

 is distinguished by Avicenna (Lobel hist. p. 501) : M. alba was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, 

 from Thessalonica to Smyrna ; by Wight, Law, and Graham, " in pasture grounds " in the environs 

 of Bombay and other parts of Hindustan. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it continues in fallow ground and in open situations near the sea, to all appearance naturalized. 

 "688 B. C." (= 680 -\- " 8 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint.) at Babylon, end of the 

 reign of Mesesimordachus. 



In this year (= 759 — "31 — 6 — 40 yrs " of the Afr.-Maneth. table), accession of StS- 

 phinates or Stgphinathis ; head of the Twenty-sixth dynasty. Tnephahtos is mentioned by 

 Diodorus i. 45. 2, Tehnatis by Plutarch is. and os. 8 ; and according to a papyrus, Tafnekht 

 made himself master of Lower Egypt, as far as Heracleopolis (see Birch). The name of 

 kino- Kasto or T-h-k occurs on contemporaneous monuments, and according to Lepsius he 

 married Amuniritis. 



"687 B. C." (= 559 -f- " 128 years " of Herodotus i. 130, and Clint ), beginning of the Median 

 Empire : Deioces being formally established ruler, and his dominions extending as far West as the 

 river Halys in Asia Minor. 



The city of Ecbatana built for the new seat of government by Deioces. Who also was accus- 

 tomed to deliver his judgments in writing— (see Herodot. i. 100, and Esth. i. 19). 



"685, in the autumn " (Pausan. iv. 15. I, but Clinton i p. 180 and 253 thinks probably six years 

 later), revolt of the Messenians against the Spartans, commencing the Second Messenian war. — 

 The war continued " seventeen " years. 



"684 B. C." (. . . Clint. . .), Perdiccas succeeded by Argaeus, fifth king of Macedonia. 

 "683 B. C." (the seven Decennial archons occupying "69 years " according to Clinton), a change 

 at Athens in the form of government ; Eryxias succeeded by Creon, the first Annual archon. 



"681 B. C. = 1st year of Li-wang II., of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 

 In this year (= 688 — " 7 yrs " of both Maneth. tables = 664 + " 1 5 yrs dodecarch. 

 -f- 2 yrs anarch." of Diodorus . . .), Stephinates succeeded by Nehepsos, second king 

 of the Twenty-sixth dynasty. Neohavin is mentioned by Alexis autarch. (Athen. x. 

 p. 41S) : the name of king Ankhepi or Pankhi occurs on contemporaneous monu- 

 ments, — and is placed next after queen Amuniritis by Lepsius k. pi. 4 According to 



