222 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



the above-mentioned papyrus, the revolted Tafnekht was subdued by Pankhi, king of Ethiopia, resid- 

 ing at Noph or Napata (see Birch). 



"680 B. C." (= 667 -j- " 13 years" of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), accession of Asaridimis, 

 or Esarhaddon retaining for himself the city of Babylon. 



" 678 B. C." (= 716 — "38 years " of Herodot , Clint.), Gyges succeeded by Ardys as king of 

 Lydia. 



"676 B. C. = 1st year of Hoei-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



"The same year" (Sosib., Athen. xiv. p. 635, Jul. Air., and Clint.), "Carnea" or contests with 

 the harp, instituted in Laconia. 



" 675, Oct. 10th," on the first day of the Tenth month in the •' 2d year of Tchoun-wang " (Khoung- 

 tseu, the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), eclipse of the sun. 



In this year (= 313 -f "362 yrs " of the Vishnu-Purana, H. H. Wils. ind. dram. ii. 137), in 

 Hindustan, accession of the first " of the ten Saisunaga princes." 



The same year (=681 — "6 yrs" of the Afr.-Maneth. table). N£ha6 is placed here in the 

 Afr.-Maneth table, — but in the Euseb.-Maneth. table (688 — " 12 — 7 — 6 yrs" =663) under 

 Psammetichus. 



"674 B. C." (Hieronym. and Clint., see also Thucyd. iv. 25 and Mela i. 19. 33), on the Asiatic 

 shore of the Bosphorus, Chalcedon founded by Greek colonists from Megara under Archias. — 

 '•Seventeen" years later (Herodot. iv. 144), Byzantium directly opposite founded also by Megaran 

 Greeks ; the city continues nourishing to the present day under the name of Constantinople. 



"671 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), "eleventh" change in naval dominion. Leaving the Carians, 

 the "Empire of the sea" acquired by the Lesbian Greeks. — Held by them "sixty-nine " years. 



"669, May 27th " = "first day of the Sixth month in the Sth year of Hou-wang" (Khoung-tseu, 

 the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), eclipse of the situ. 



Zizvphus jujuba of Hindustan. The jttjube tree or wild Mere is called in Hindustanee "bier," 

 in Bengalee " kool," in Telinga " rengha '' (Lindl.) or " reygoo," in Tamil " elendie " (Drur.), in 

 Burmah " hzee " (Mason) ; and "more than twelve hundred years " ago was introduced by the way 

 of " Persia " into China — (Li-chi-tchin, and others) : the " jujube " is mentioned in an ode attributed 

 to Tcheou-kong, and in one written about B. C. 661 (Chi-King i. 9. 3 and i. 15. 1, and Lacharme) ; 

 .the "eul" or "tsao" cultivated and its fruit eaten, by Thseng-tsi, Thseng-tseu, Koung-sun-tcheou, 

 and Meng-tseu ii. 5. 14 to 8. 36: Z. jujuba was observed by Cibot mem. chin. iii. p. under frequent 

 cultivation in China ; by Blanco, cultivated and seemingly wild on the Philippines, and its fruit called 

 " manzanitas ; " is termed " mansana arborea" by Sonnerat pi. 94 ; was observed by Rumphius ii. 

 pi. 36 on the Moluccas, its bark employed as a remedy for diarrhoea (Lindl.) ; by Mason v. 45S, 

 " exotic " in Burmah but " often found apparently growing wild," its " small sour- berry a great 

 favourite with the Burmese and Karens." Westward, the "koli" tree is mentioned by Budhaghosha 

 parab. xxvi ; Z. jujuba according to Royle is the most common species in Northern Hindustan ; was 

 observed by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, from Bengal throughout the peninsula; by Rheede iv. 

 pi. 41, in Malabar; by Gibson, and Graham, in the environs of Bombay "common almost every- 

 where," and " very abundant in the Kandesh jungles, particularly towards the Taptee ; " its fruit 

 according to Drury "is eatable." and leaves on their "under side as well as young branches and 

 petioles covered with dense tawny tomentum." (See Z. melanogona). 



"668 B. C." (= "first year of the 28th Olymp." of Pausan iv. 23. 2), after eleven years siege, 

 the city of Ira captured by the Spartans : terminating the Second Messenian war. (Pausanias' date 

 is however regarded by Clinton i. p. 190 and 253, as probably "six" years too early). 



"Nov. 10th " = "first day of the Twelfth month" (Khoung-tseu, the Li-tai-ki-sse, and Pauth. 

 p. 107), eclipse of the sun. 



One hundred and ninth generation. May 1st, 667, mostly beyond youth : the prophet Nahum : 

 among the Greeks, Polymnastus of Colophon, who improved the Spartan music. 



"The same year" (== 647 -\- •' 20 years" of the Astronom. can., and Clint), Asaridinus or 

 Esarhaddon succeeded by Saosduchinus, now king of Babylon. (The accession of the Assyrian 

 king Sammughes is placed by Alex. Polyhistor a year later, = 604 -|- "20+ 21 -J- 21," with an 

 additional year assigned to his reign : as though the two names belonged to the same king). 



Manasseh king at Jerusalem bound with fetters by "the captains of the host of the king of 

 Assyria," and carried (not to Nineveh) "to Babylon" (2 Chron. xxxiii. n). 



"665 B. C." (Euseb., Ael. xii. 50, and Clint.), at Sparta, first performance of the gymnopaedia, 

 the songs on the occasion including some by Alcman. 



Lactuca scariola of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain lettuce, in 

 Scotland "lattouce" (Prior), in France "laitue" (Nugent), in Germany " salat " (Grieb), in Italy 

 " lattuga " or " lattuca " (Lenz), in Greece " maroulion or " marouli " (Fraas) or " thrithax " (Zalikogl.), 

 in Egypt " khass " (Del.) or as heard by myself " khuss," in Egyptian " iSv ns6tshg " (Ming.) or 



