226 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



and Clot-Bey ii. 38, under cultivation in Egypt for its oil ; by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in 

 waste places and sometimes cultivated, from Cyprus to the Peloponnesus ; by Matthioli 771, in 

 Italy ; by Lobel, and J. Bauhin, under cultivation in Southern Europe (A. Dec.) ; by Ray, and Gus- 

 sone, naturalized on Sicily ; by Desfontaines ii. 355, and Reuter, in Barbary. Eastward from Japan, 

 was observed by myself naturalized on the Feejeean Islands, and strings of its seeds used as candles ; 

 naturalized also from Polynesian introduction on New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands. Farther 

 East, is called by the Caribs " lamourou " (Descourt. i. and ii. pi. 127), their knowledge of , the plant 

 therefore not derived from Europeans ; was observed by E. James seemingly wild at the junction 

 of the Canadian and Arkansas rivers : but from European introduction is cultivated in our Atlantic 

 States and along the Ohio. 



"656 B. C." (Clint i. p. 194 and 274), Deioces succeeded by Phraortes, second Median emperor: 

 regarded by Clinton as the - Arphaxad " of the Book of Judith i. 1 to 15. 



"655, Aug. 19th," in the " Ninth month in the 22d year of Hoei-wang" (Khoung-ts,eu, the Li-tai- 

 ki-sse, and Pauth. 107), eclipse of the sun. 



"The same year" ( ... Clint.), the Bacchiadae expelled from Corinth; Cypselus establishing 

 himself there as king. 



About this time (Percev. i. 54), Himyar, son of Abdshams and great grandson of Yarob, ruling 

 Yemen. His brother Cahlan was the progenitor of various Bedouin tribes. 



"654 B. C." (Hieronym., and Clint.), on the Northern shore of the Black Sea, the city of Olbia 

 or Borysthenes founded by Greek colonists. 



"651 B. C. = 1st year of Siang-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



"648, Feb. 1st" ( . . Blair), the Thoth of this Nabonassar year. "Having shifted twenty-five 

 days in one hundred years." 



" 647 B. C." (= 625 -)- " 22 years " of the Astronom. can., and Clint.), Saosduchinus succeeded 

 by Chinaladanus, as king at Babylon. (The accession of the " brother of Sammughes " as Assyrian 

 king, is placed by Alex. Polyhistor two years later, = 604 -f- " 20 -(- 21," with "21 years" only 

 assigned to his reign ; the two accounts possibly referring to one and the same person). 



" 646 B. C." ( . . . . Clint.), Argaeus succeeded by Philippus, sixth king of Macedonia. 



Not earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. p. 244), 

 Bhurisena reigning in Hindustan. 



" 644 B. C." (Ma-tuan-lin, E. Biot, and Humb. cosm. iv.), the earliest recorded fall of an aerolite 

 in China. 



641 B. C. (= 694 y. 183JH d. — " 55 years " of twelve lunations of "> K. xxi. 1, and 2 Chron. 

 xxxiii. 1), Manasseh succeeded at Jerusalem by his son Amon, eighteenth Jewish king. 



"640 B. C." (Herodot. iv. 152, and Letronne), Colaeus of Samos on his way to Egypt visiting 

 Platea. Sailing thence, he was driven by continual adverse winds into the Western portion of the 

 Mediterranean, and even "as if led by the divinity" through the straits into the Atlantic : the Greeks 

 not for the first time seeing the main ocean (see above, Carians). 



639 B. C. (= 641 y. 51JJ-J d. — "2 years " of twelve lunations of 2 K. xxi. 19, and 2 Chron. 

 xxxiii. 21), at Jerusalem, Amon slain by his servants; and succeeded by his son Josiah, nineteenth 

 Jewish king. 



In this year = "26th year- of Psammetichus," death of the Apis or sacred bull that was born in 

 the "26th year of Taharka " — (Birch). 



"The same year" (Herodot. iv. 156, and Clint.), first settlement of Greeks on the Lybian or 

 North African shore. At Platea, under the direction of Battus. 



Thapsia silphiuin of the Lybian Desert. The " silphion " plant discovered in the following 

 year (638 = "7 years before the building of Cyrene," Theophr. . . , and Plin. xix. 15) in the district 

 around the Greek settlement; — figured on coins of Cyrene, and celebrated among the Greeks for the 

 medicinal and culinary properties of its concrete juice : imported " silphion of Cyrene " is mentioned 

 by Herodotus iv. 169, Aristophanes, Antiphanes, in the Hippocratic treatise 1 Morb. 4, and by 

 Nicander, and Strabo xvii. 3 ; was already rare in the clays of Scribonius Largus xvi. 67 ; was known 

 to Dioscorides iii. 84, the plant now so rare that a stem sent from Cyrene to the emperor Nero was 

 the only one procured within the remembrance of Pliny xix. 15 : T. silphium was re-discovered in 

 1818 in its original locality by P. Delia Cella, in journeying by land from Tripoli to Egypt. 



In the same district (Aristot. animal, viii), there were originally no " phftnountSs vatrahoi " 

 frogs having voice, Rana temporaria ? : — implying therefore, that these animals were after some 

 years imported by the Greek settlers. The frogs now frequent all over the island of Madeira, I was 

 assured had been imported by residents. 



637 B. C. After " two years " stay, Battus and his companions, leaving behind only one man, 

 returned to Greece. But before the close of " this year " (Herodot. iv. 157, and Clint.), second set- 

 tlement by the Greeks on the Lybian shore. At Aziris, also under the direction of Battus. 



