OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 229 



The same year (= 639 y. 73^ d. — " 31 years " of twelve lunations of 2 K. xxii. 1 and 2 Chron. 

 xxxiv. 1), Josiah striving to arrest the march of an Egyptian army under Nekau II., slain in battle at 

 Megiddo. He was succeeded by his son Jehoahaz. But at the end of " three months," Jewish inde- 

 pendence was overthrown by Nekau II. ; who removed Jehoahaz to Egypt, and appointed his brother 

 Eliakim king at Jerusalem, under the changed name of " Jehoiakim " (2 K. xxiii. 30, 2 Chron. xxxvi., 

 and Herodot. ii. 159). 



608 B. C. (= 570 — " 35th year .... on the 2d of Paopi + 71 y. 4 mo. 6 days " of the stela 

 at Florence), "first day of Paoni in the third year of Nekau II." 



607 B. C. = "4th year of Nekau II. ; " the latest date in his reign found on the monuments (C. 

 Mull. fr. Man. p. 594). But the " 9 years " shown by stelae to be deficient in the Afr.-Maneth. table, 

 probably belong to this reign ; especially as Herodotus' account corresponds. 



Cucumis melo of the Southern border of the Caspian. Called in Britain, France, and Spain 

 melon (Prior), in Germany " melone," in Italy " melone " or " popone " (Lenz), in Greece " peponia " 

 or " karpousia " (Fraas), by the Turks and Tartars " kaun " (A. Dec.) and one variety in Egypt 

 " qaoun " (Del.), the seeming origin of the Hebrew h ~| N P N P kykywn in Jonah iv. 6, — and early 

 Greek " kikuon : " the " sikudn " is mentioned by Alcaeus, Laches, and Matron; the " sikuthion," 

 by Phrynichus ; the " sikuon," by Praxilla, Cratinus, Aristophanes acharn. 520, Polemon diaet. ii., 

 Anaxilaus, Theophrastus, Zenobius iv. 21, and that of Antioch is identified by Athenaeus iii. 4 with 

 the " sikuonian " of Megalopolis, and " sikuan inthiken : " the " sikuan ton pgpona " is mentioned by 

 Speusippus ; the " sikuos pgpon " by the comic poet Plato, Theopompus (Athen. ii. p. 68), Aristotle 

 probl xx. 22, by Aeneas Tacticus 29 as used in smuggling spear-heads ; the " p£p6n " by Cratinus 

 (Athen.), Florentinus (geopon. xii. 20), by Dioscorides as diuretic, and Galen fac. alim. ii. 5 ex- 

 pressly states that the inner portion containing the seeds is not eaten : C. melo was observed by 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, under cultivation in Greece ; by Abd-allatif, Forskal, Delile, and Clot-Bey, 

 under cultivation in Egypt ; by myself, the fruit in market at Mocha and Muscat. Westward, 

 " melones " are mentioned by Columella xi. 3. 53, Palladius iv. 9. 6, and " pepones " by Pliny xix. 23 

 to xx. 6: C. melo is described by Matthioli pi. 368, and Dalechamp pi. 623 ; but in Southern France, 

 according to Olivier de Serres, began to be extensively cultivated only "in 1629." Eastward from 

 Syria, is called in Persian and Hindustanee "kharbuza" (A. Dec), also in Hindustanee "jamali," in 

 Bengalee " phuti " (D'roz.), and though having no Sanscrit name (Roxb., and Pidd.) is " cultivated all 

 over India " (Graham) : was observed by Mason v. p. 456 " exotic " in Burmah and called " tha-khwa- 

 hmwae," a "very indifferent" kind "cultivated by the natives generally ;" by Loureiro p. 726, in 

 Anam and China, also an indifferent kind ; by Blanco, well known on the Philippines and called in 

 Tagalo "tabogo ; " by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, abundantly cultivated in Japan and called "tenkwa" 

 or usually " kara uri," the term "kara" signifying exotic from China. By Columbus, was carried to 

 America (F. Columb. 53), where it continues under cultivation, and in the United States is called 

 musk-melon; and by the Portuguese (according to Rumphius v. 404) was carried to the Malayan 

 archipelago. (See Ricinus communis). 



In the reign of Nekau II. (Herodot. iv. 40), Africa circumnavigated, and as far as known for 

 the first time. (In passing around the Southern Extreme of Africa, the navigators landing at inter- 

 vals doubtless met with tribes belonging to the Hottentot Race of man ; living on the spontaneous 

 productions of the country, — as for the most part to the present day).* 



* Aphyteia hydnora of Austral Africa. The lower portion constituting the fruit, eaten by the 

 Hottentots and by various quadrupeds — (Thunb., and Pers.). 



Enclea undulata of Austral Africa. The fruit eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb. trav. iii. 4). 



Brabejum stellulifolium of Austral Africa. The fruit eaten by the Hottentots, — and used for 

 coffee (by the colonists ?), according to Thunberg ii. 2. 



Strelitzia of Austral Africa. The fruit eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb. iii. 4). 



Schotia speciosa of Tropical and Austral Africa. The beans eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb.). 

 Farther North, growing also in Senegal (Jacq. rar. i. pi. 75, and Pers.). 



Myrica cordifolia of Austral Africa. The wax on the berries eaten by the Hottentots, — and 

 used for candles (by the colonists), according to Thunberg: the plant described also by Burmann 

 afr. pi. 98 (Pers.). 



Stapelia incarnata of Austral Africa. Eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb.). 



Stapelia articulata of Austral Africa. Eaten by the Hottentots — and colonists (Thunb., and 

 Mass. pi. 30). As transported to Europe, described by Aiton. 



Zamia cycadifolia of Austral Africa. The pith among the Hottentots, a substitute for bread — 

 (Thunb. iii. 4). Transported to Europe, Z. cycadifolia is described by Jacquin fragm. pi. 25, and 

 Gaertner. 



