230 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 606 B. C. = 1st year of Ting-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 



The same year (= 608 y. 322ffl d. — " 4th year " of twelve lunations, Jerem. xlvi. 2), defeat of 

 the Egyptian army under Nekau II. described in burning words by Jeremiah xlvi. Before the close 

 of the year (Herodot. i. 106, and Clint.), capture and destruction of Nineveh by the Medes under 

 Cyaxares and their Babylonian allies. 



The s/v "IE shmyr of Jeremiah xvii. I, may be compared with "smiris" the Greek name of em- 

 ery; which when pulverized is used in gem-engraving. — The " shmyr " is also mentioned in Ezech. 

 iii. 9, Zach. vii. 12 ; and the " smiris " or " smuris," by ... . The mineral is procured from . . . , one 

 of the Greek islands ; and this locality continued the chief or only source of commercial supply 

 until the recent discovery of a locality in New England. 



Juiiiperus drupacea of Syria. The imported berries of a species of juniper are called in Egypt 

 "arar" (Forsk. mat. med.), in which we recognize the " arar " of Ebn Baitar, and SOSO oror grow- 

 ing in the wilderness according to Jeremiah xvii. 6 and xlviii. 6: — " ark£uthith6n mSizona" are 

 among the ingredients of " kuphi " incense enumerated by Manetho (Plut. is. and osir. 80): two 

 kinds of " arkeuthos " are also mentioned by Oioscorides i. 103 to 105, one having berries as large 

 as a " karuou : '' J. drupacea was found by Labillardiere ii. pi. 8 on mount Casius in Syria, its fruit 

 tubercular and subrotund, three times longer than the leaves ; and Robinson journeying from Hebron 

 among Desert mountains to Petra met with a species of juniper " ten or fifteen feet " high abounding 

 in rocky situations, but in the valleys becoming a larger tree, its berries having something of "the 

 aroma of the pine." (See J. macrocarpa, and J. excelsa). 



Sapindus emargiuatus of Tropical Hindustan. A kind of soapmit imported "from India' 

 was found by Forskal, and Delile, employed in Egypt to wash the finer woollens, and called " ryteh ; " 

 in which we recognize the f/vq9 bryd used in washing according to Jeremiah ii. 22, — and Malachi 

 iii. 2. Eastward, S. emarginatus, a tree of medium size, is called in the environs of Bombay "rhete" 

 (Graham), in Bengalee " buro-reetha,'' in Canara " aratavala," in Telinga " konkoodoo," in Tamil 

 " poovandie " or " ponnanga " (Drury) ; was observed by Gibson, and Graham, about villages from 

 Guzerat to Bombay and the Deccan, the nuts "used medicinally" and "for washing the finer kinds 

 of silk ; " is known to occur also in Mysore, the Northern Circars, and Bengal (Roxb., Ainsl., Wight, 

 and Drury). By European colonists, or at least recently, was carried to Burmah, where according to 

 Mason v. p. 517 it "appears to flourish." 



Cyanella Capensis of Austral Africa. Eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb.). Transported to 

 Europe, described by the younger Linnaeus, Andrews pi. 191, and Jacquin hort. iii. pi. 35. 



\~zcusscuxia edalis of Austral Africa. An Iris-like plant, the bulbous root eaten by the Hotten- 

 tots, — and when cooked having the taste of potatoes (Burm., and Thunb. iii. 1). Transported to 

 Europe, V. edulis is described by Delarbre, Linnaeus, Andrews pi. 83, and Jacquin hort. iii. pi. 20. 



.Gladiolus plicatus of Austral Africa. Eaten there, — according to Thunberg. Transported to 

 Europe, described by Jacquin rar. ii. pi. 237, and Gawler. 



Aponogeton distachyon of Austral Africa. Its tuberous root broiled and eaten there — (Thunb. 

 iii. I, and Pers.). Transported to Europe, A. distachyon is described by the younger Linnaeus, and 

 Aiton p. 495 ; and has become naturalized in a stream near Montpellier (Godron, and A. Dec). 



Lobelia of Austral Africa. The root eaten by the Hottentots — (Thunb ). 



Mesembryanthemum edule of Austral Africa. Growing in the sand of the seashore, the fruit 

 eaten, and the juice employed medicinally — (Herm. lugd. pi. 245, Thunb. iii. 2, and Pers.). Trans- 

 ported to Europe, described by Dillenius pi. 212. 



Mesembryantlnii/um emarcidum of Austral Africa. The flowers eaten by the Hottentots to 

 quench thirst — (Thunb.). Transported to Europe, described by Haworth. 



Albuca major of Austral Africa. The stem chewed by the Hottentots to quench thirst — (Thunb.). 

 Transported to Europe, flowered in 1633 at Paris and was termed " ornithogalum luteovirens " by 

 Cornuti pi. 161 ; and as cultivated elsewhere, is described by Morison iv. pi. 24, Dryander act. holm. 

 1784, and Jacquin rar. pi. 36. 



Hermas gigantea of Austral Africa. A large Umbelliferous plant used for tinder by the Hotten- 

 tots — (Thunb.): corresponding therefore to the Ferula communis employed in the Mediterranean 

 countries by Prometheus. From transported specimens, H. gigantea is described by the younger 

 Linnaeus suppl. p. 435, and Lamarck enc. iii. p. 121. 



Anthyllis of Austral Africa. Cords made of the bark by the Hottentots — (Thunb.). 



Fucus buccinahs of the sea-margin of Austral Africa. A gigantic seaweed, furnishing the Hot- 

 tentots with trumpets. 



Rhus of Austral Africa. The wood employed for bows by the Hottentots — (Thunb.). 



Aloe dichotoma of Austral Africa. Furnishing the Hottentots with quivers for their arrows — 

 (Patters, iter. pi. 3 to 5, and Thunb.). 



