234 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



592 B. C. = " 4th year of Psametik II. ; " the latest date in his reign found on the monuments 

 — (C. Mull. fr. Man. p. 594). 



"The same year" (Sosicr., D. Laert. 1. 101, and Clint.), arrival in Athens of the philosopher 

 Anacharsis; a relative of the king of Scythia (Southern Russia). The flute or pipe " aulos " was 

 at this time unknown in Scythia ; but he brought certain inventions, including the " zopura " bellows, 

 and " amphivolon agkuran," many-pronged anchor — (Ephor., and Strab. vii. 3. 9 and xv. 1. 22). 



"591 B. C." (Parian marble, schol. Pind., and Clint.), Simon or Simonides being archon at 

 Athens, first success of the Amphictyons under Eurylochus against Cirrha. 



About this time (Abyden., and Euseb.), on the Persian Gulf at the mouth of the Euphrates, 

 the city of TerethSn or Teredon founded by Nabuchadnezzar. — The city is called " Thirithdtis " 

 by Nearchus (Arrian ind. 41) ; is also mentioned by Amyntas, Eratosthenes, Strabo, Pliny, Dionys. 

 Perieg., Aelian. n. a. v. 14 and xvii. 16, Ammianus, and Stephan. Byzantius. 



589 B. C. (= 570 -f- " 19 years of the Afr.-Maneth. table, the Euseb.-Maneth. table 

 giving 822 y. 8 mo. — "44 — 44 — 44 — 12 — 7 — 6 — 8 — 45 — 6 — 17 " = 589 

 y. 8 mo. = 339 -(- " 6 -}- 4 -f- 6 -(- 20 -J- 21 y. 4 mo. -f- 6 -[- 120 y. 4 mo. -j- 42 -|- 25 

 years"), Psammetihos II. succeeded by Ouaphris, seventh king of the Twenty-sixth 

 dynasty ; the Hophra of Jeremiah xliv. 30, and Apries of Herodotus. King Uahprahet 

 completed the temple begun by Psammetichus near Naharieh (Leps. eg. and sin. 43) ; and his name 

 occurs at Beghe in Nubia (Glid. analect.), on the rocks at Philae, on stones (recently employed in 

 building the citadel at Cairo), on an obelisk (now in Rome), and on moveable articles (now in the 

 museums of Europe). 



" The same year," or shortly afterwards (Sm. geogr. diet., see also Strabo xiii. 2. 3, and Clint.), 

 arrival in Babylon of Antimenidas ; regarded as the first Greek who reached that city. The visit is 

 mentioned by his brother, the poet Alcaeus. 



5S7, Jan. 2d (= 587 y. I07§£§ d. = 597 y. 353 s \\ d. — "11 years " of twelve lunations of 2 K. 

 xxiv. 18 and 2 Chron. xxxvi. n), Zedekiah having rebelled, Jerusalem again captured by the Baby- 

 lonians under Nebuchadnezzar. The city wall was now broken down, and the principal buildings 

 and temple destroyed. (In Josephus, the interval from the Captivity of the ten tribes is " 130 y. 

 6 mo. 10 days ; '' while the above computation gives 717 y. 287^- d. — 587 y. io7ff$ d. = 130 Jul. 

 y. 6 lun. 2§fJ days. The same year for the Destruction of the temple, is deduced by Clinton i. p. 

 319 and 329 from the Babylonian reigns in the Astronom. canon ; is given by Clemens Alexandrinus, 

 and is further identified by him with the " 2d year of Hophra"). 



In this year (= " 16th year of Bimsara," Mahavamsi. i. p. 28), Budha or Gautama " made his 

 sermon." 



Hardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. p. 244), 

 Havishman reigning in Hindustan. 



"586 B. C." (= "tenth" year of Callisth., Demetr., and Clint.), Damasias being archon at 

 Athens, conquest of Cirrha by the Amphictyons. The city captured by medicating the principal 

 source of the supply of water — (Paus. x. 37. 7). 



I'eratrum album of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain white hellebore 

 (Prior 109), in Italy " veladro " or " veratro " (Lenz), and perhaps the " ellSvorou " whose roots were 

 used for this purpose — (Paus.) : the " veratrum " is identified by Pliny, xxv. 21 with the " sesamoi- 

 thSs," mentioned by Hippocrates vict. acut. 66 as purging upwards ; by Dioscorides, as called on 



in Burmah, its " red scaly fruit " often seen in bazar, but eaten by the natives only ; is known to grow 

 wild in dripping woods from Eastern Java and Baley to Banda (Pers., and Reinw.). From trans- 

 ported specimens, is described by Bauhin i. 401 (Spreng.). 



Pandanus furcatus of Tropical shores from Burmah to the Samoan Islands. A strong-leaved 

 screwpine called in Burmah " tha bau " (Mason) ; and perhaps already used for making mats by the 

 Selungs, — their " only means of livelihood" besides fishing at the present day (Wade, and Mason 

 100) : P. furcatus was observed by Mason 521 in Burmah, growing "abundantly on the lowlands 

 near tide-waters," and supplying "the large coarse mats in universal use;" was not seen by myself 

 in the Malayan archipelago, but was frequent near the sea on the Feejeean and Tongan Islands, 

 and clearly indigenous on mountain-summits exposed to the sea on the Samoan : by Polynesian 

 colonists, was carried to the Hawaiian Islands, where it continues cultivated and naturalized ; was 

 perhaps also carried to Taheiti and throughout the Paumotuan coral-archipelago ; and on the Radack 

 and Caroline coral-archipelagos, in addition to the universal use for mats, the softer basis around 

 the seeds is said to be eaten : on Wake's coral-island, which may have escaped the visits of natives, 

 the Pandanus was absent. Westward from Burmah, the species from whose leaves matting and 

 package-bags are made on the Mauritius Islands (Graham, and Drur.), may be compared. 



