254 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



observed by Mason v. 487 to 520 " one of the most abundant forest-trees " in Burmah, the silky 

 down around the seeds "used to stuff mattresses and pillows " and "has occasionally been made into 

 cloth." 



Cochlospermum gossypium of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The yellow-flowered cotton-tree 

 is called in Tamil " tanakoo-marum," in Telinga " conda gongu-chettu " (Drur.) ; and possibly the 

 tree in question ; — agreeing better in the shape of the leaf with the wool-bearing trees seen by 

 Androsthenes : C. gossypium is termed "bombax gossypium " by Roxburgh, " b. grandiflorum " by 

 Sonnerat voy. ii. pi. 133 ; was observed by Gibson in the Sautpoora jungles, by Auld in Candesh, 

 by Graham "a large tree " wild on " chains of hills running inland from the Ghauts," also planted " in 

 gardens," the capsule large as "goose's egg" and '-filled with cotton ; " by Roxburgh, Royle, Wight, 

 and Drury, not uncommon in Southern Hindustan as far as Travancore and Coromandel, the trunk 

 yielding kuteera, a gum substituted for tragacanth in Northwestern Bengal ; is known to grow also 

 on Ceylon (Lindl.). Farther East, was observed by Mason v. 520 in Burmah, its "down" used by 

 the natives according to McClelland for stuffing " their pillows." 



" 504 B. C." ( . . . Sm. b. d.), P. Valerius Poplicola and T. Lucretius Tricipitinus consuls, 

 removal of Appius Claudius from the Sabine city of Regillum to Rome. He was received by the 

 patricians, and lands assigned to his numerous followers ; and was the first (according to Pliny xxxv. 

 3) who set up tablets or portraits of his ancestors in a public temple, that to Bellona. 



Hardly later than this date, Hecataeus of Miletus visiting Egypt. — He is mentioned by Hera- 

 clitus (Sm. b. d.), and endeavoured to dissuade his countrymen from the proposed Ionian revolt. 

 In his geographical work (written "after 524," Sm. b. d.) he mentions in the West, the city of 

 " Mtilitta " outside the Mediterranean on the Atlantic coast of Africa ; and in the East, various peo- 

 ple of Hindustan, the " Kallatiari " (named also by Herodotus), " Opiari, Gandarari," and the city of 

 " Kaspapyrus " (C. Mull, geogr. m. i. p. xxiii). 



Inula viscosa of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "psullistra" or "konutza" 

 (Sibth.), in Egyptian "k£ti " (Syn. Diosc.) ; in which we recognize the KONY2A of Hecataeus, — 

 Pherecrates, Aristotle h. a. iv. 8, Theophrastus, and " konuza mSizSn " two cubits high according to 

 Dioscorides and strong-scented, strewn to drive away venomous animals including insects, and the 

 juice inducing abortion ; identified in the added Synonyms with the " vrSphuktonos " or " anouvias " 

 or "ethSmias" of the prophets : I. viscosa was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, abound- 

 ing from the Peloponnesus throughout Greek islands ; and is known to grow as far as Jerusalem 

 (....). Westward, the "konuza mSgale " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "intuvoum" or 

 "militaris mina " or " thelliarion " or " phSvriphouga " of the Romans : I. viscosa is described by 

 Clusius rar. p. 377 (Spreng.) ; is termed " virga aurea major foliis glutinosis et graveolentibus " by 

 Tournefort inst. 484; was observed by Boccone xiv. pi. 7 in Sicily; is known to grow also in Bar- 

 bary and Southern France (Lam. fi. fr., and Pers.). 



Inula (Alunid) graveolens of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "psullistra" 

 (Sibth.), or " vrdmitza " (Fraas); and possibly included in the "konuza*" of Hecataeus: — the 

 "konuza thelu " smaller according to Theophrastus vi. 2. 6, humble "konuza" of Nicander ther. 70, 

 and " konuza mikra " only a foot high of Dioscorides, are referred here by writers : A. graveolens was 

 observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek 

 islands to Asia Minor ; is known to grow also on the Mediterranean border of Egypt near Alexandria 

 (Dec). Westward, is described by Lobel adv. p. 146 (Spreng.) ; is termed " virga aurea minor foliis 

 glutinosis et graveolentibus " by Tournefort inst. 484 ; and is known to grow near Montpelier and in 

 other parts of Southern Europe (Pers., and Lenz). 



The same year (= " 69th. ol." of schol. Pind. rem. ii. 1), Cinaethus : supposed by ancient 

 writers to be the blind poet of Chios who composed the Hymn to the Delian Apollo. This hymn 

 contains perhaps no descriptive expressions derived through the sense of sight, and is quoted and 

 considered ancient by Thucydides ; but the date-palm on Delos found by Homer od. vi. 165 young 

 and flourishing, is in this Hymn old enough for Apollo to have been born underneath: — this date- 

 palm continued standing in the days of Euripides hec. 457 and iph. 1100, Callimachus hymn Del., 

 and of Cicero leg. i. 1 ; but disappeared before the time of Pausanias viii. 48, and Athenaeus. 



" 502 B. C." (Euseb., and Clint.), Sixteenth change in naval dominion. Leaving the Naxians, 

 the " Empire " over the Eastern waters of the Mediterranean acquired by the Eretrian Greeks. 



"Nov. 19th, Monday, twenty-four minutes before midnight" (as reduced by Ptolemy to the 

 meridian of Alexandria, Blair), Sixth Baylonian eclipse of the moon; "three digits eclipsed on the 

 South part of her disk." 



In this year (= 518 — " 16 years reign " of the Mahavamsi iv.), Udayibhadra succeeded by his 

 sort Anurudde, now Hindu king. 



"501 B. C." ( . . . . Sm. b. d.), at Rome, Postumus Cominius Auruncus and T. Lartius consuls, 

 the dictatorship instituted ; and T. Lartius (of Etruscan descent) appointed dictator. 



