272 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Delile it has been long known ; and by Forskal, under cultivation in Yemen. Farther North, by 

 Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus; and by Sibthorp, seem- 

 ingly wild on Zacynthus and other Greek islands. As transported Westward, is distinguished by 

 Tournefort inst. 257, Linnaeus mant. 69, and Persoon. 



Anthriscus cerefoHum of Europe? Called in Britain chervil, in Anglo-Saxon " caerfille," in 

 France " cerfeuil " (Prior, and Lindl.), in Germany " kerbel," in Italy " cerfoglio " (Lenz), in Egypt 

 "maqdunis frandji " parsley of Europeans (Forsk.) ; in which we recognize the " chaerephyllum " 

 identified by Columella xi. 3 with the ANePISKOYof Cratinus, — or "gnthruskon" of Pherecrates 

 (Athen ), enumerated among potherbs by Theophrastus vii. 7. 1 : the " anthriscum " aphrodisiac 

 and restorative, closely resembling "scandix" but the leaves less slender and less fragrant, is enu- 

 merated by Pliny xxi. 52 to xxii. 38 among the esculent plants of Egypt : A. cerefolium was observed 

 there in gardens by Forskal, and Delile ; and by Forskal, in the environs of Constantinople. West- 

 ward, the " caerefolium " is sown according to Pliny xix. 54 at the autumnal equinox, is mentioned 

 also by Palladius iii. 24. 9 to x. 13. 3 : A. cerefolium is described by C. Bauhin p. 152 (Spreng.) ; 

 continues under cultivation in Italy and middle Europe, springing up besides in cultivated and fallow 

 ground as far as Britain (Pers., A. Dec, and Lenz); is according to Lindley " a common potherb 

 with edible roots" (See Scandix Australis, and S. pecten). 



Cachrys libanotis of the West Mediterranean countries. The KATXPYS of Cratinus — (schol. 

 Aristoph. nub. 447), called "livandtis" from the frankincense odour of its root, and this root as 

 appears from Dioscorides collected and dried, may be compared : the " kaghruos " root prescribed 

 in Nat. mul. 29, and 2 Morb. mul. 71, is identified with the " livanfttis " by Galen: the "livandtis 

 karpimos " of Dioscorides having a large white root, fennel-like leaves spreading on the ground and 

 odorous, and umbels of rounded white seed, is referred here by Matthioli, and Sprengel : the account 

 by Pliny xxiv. 59 of the " rosmarinum " bearing a resinous seed called " cachrys," seems in part 

 taken from Dioscorides: C. libanotis is described by Matthioli p. 375, Dodoens p. 308, and Morisoh 

 ix. pi. 1 ; and is known to grow in Sicily and Barbary (Pers., and Spreng.). 



Cachrys Lrclica of the East Mediterranean countries. Possibly the " kaghrus " of Cratinus : — 

 the "karpimos livanfitis " of Theophrastus ix 10 growing in arid stony places and having leaves like 

 "s£lino eleio " but much larger, oblong rough white seeds, which with the leaves and root are 

 employed medicinally, is referred here by Sprengel ; also the " kaghruoSssa " and "kaghrupboros " 

 of Nicander ther. 40 and 850 : C. Cretica is termed " c. cretica angelica? folio asphodeli radice " by 

 Tournefort cor. 23 ; is known to grow on Crete (Pers., and Fraas), and was observed by Sibthorp on 

 Cyprus. 



Thymus serpyllum of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain pell-a-mountain (Prior), 

 in France " serpolet " (Fe"e), in Germany "quendel," in Italy " sermollino selvatico " or "serpillo" 

 (Lenz), in Yemen "saatar " (Forsk.) ; in which we recognize the " serpulloum " of the Romans iden- 

 tified in Syn. Diosc. with the Egyptian " merouopuos," and the EPPYAAOS of Cratinus, — Aristoph- 

 anes pac. 168, Eubulus, Antiphanes, Anaxandrides, Clearchus, Theophrastus vi. 1, Theocritus, 

 Callimachus, Nicander, Dioscorides, and Athenaeus xv. 32 : T. serpyllum was observed bv Sibthorp, 

 and Fraas, frequent on mountains from the Bithynian Olympus to the Peloponnesus and Crete ; is 

 known to grow also on the Taurian, Himalayan, and Altaian mountains, and as far as Daouria 

 (Bunge, Ledeb., Bieb., Royle, and Benth.) ; was observed by Forskal on the mountains of Yemen ; 

 and by Schimper, in Abyssinia. Westward, the "serpyllum" is mentioned by Cato 73, Yarro, 

 Catullus, Virgil, Columella, and is described by Pliny xx. 90 as growing chiefly in stony places : T. 

 serpyllum is known to grow in Italy and Barbary and throughout middle and Northern Europe 

 as far as Lapland, Iceland, and Greenland (Hook., and Wats.). By European colonists, was 

 carried to Madeira (A. Dec.) ; to Northeast America prior to 1669 (Joss.), where it has become 

 naturalized in exposed situations ; and to other distant countries where I have found it readily 

 acquiring foothold. 



Thymus glabratus, regarded as distinct by Hoffmannsegg and Link, and called in Greece 

 " hamothroumpi " (Fraas) : — the kind of " erpullos agrios " having according to Theophrastus vi. 7 

 a sharp " thumvrothe " odour, is referred here by Fraas : T. glabratus was observed by him, and 

 Chaubard, on the mountains of Greece and the Greek islands ; and Westward, is known to grow in 

 France (Chaub.). 



Phlomis fi itticnsa of the Mediterranean countries. A shrubby sage-like plant called in Greece 

 "phlomo" or "sphaka" or "gatharosphaka " (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the S$AKON of Cra- 

 tinus, — Phrynichus, Eupolis, Alexis, Aristophon, and Athenaeus: the " phlomos agria " of Dio- 

 scorides iv. 102 having rings around the twigs as in "prasion " and the flower yellow, is referred here 

 by writers : P. fruticosa was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, throughout Greece and 

 the Greek islands, one of the most frequent shrubby plants in the vicinity of the sea; by Delile, on 

 the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, is described by Matthioli p. 800, and Dodoens p. 146 ; 



