288 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Interior to thatch native dwellings; by Blanco, extending itself over the Philippines and called in 

 Tagalo and Bisaya "cogon," in Camarines "cogon cogon," in Pampango "ilib" or "balili;" is de- 

 scribed also by Rumphius amboin vi. pi. 7 ; was observed by myself throughout the Malayan archi- 

 pelago, white-spiked and springing up spontaneously, and in clearings from the Feejeean as far as the 

 Samoan Islands. 



"421 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, N. Fabius Vibulanus and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus 

 consuls, the number of quaestcrs increased from two to four. 



"420 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, military tribunes having consular power holding the place 

 of consuls. Farther South, thi Greek city of Cumae (on the bay of Naples) captured by the Cam- 

 panians, people of the country around. 



"4r8 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), the Athenians defeated in battle at Mantineia, Argos now joining in 

 alliance with Sparta. Perdiccas II. having also joined in alliance, hostilities were renewed between 

 him and the Athenians. 



Campanula versicolor of the East Mediterranean countries. A species of bell-flower called in 

 Greece "haritzia" (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the XAPIS ION growing along the Eurotas in 

 the spring, and suspended by women on the neck to increase the affection of the men, according to 

 Cleanthes mont. i, — Sosthenes of Cnidus, and Hermogenes (Pint, flu v. 17. 4): the " hari^n " of 

 Mul. morb. 109, may also be compared: C. versicolor was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 from the Peloponnesus to Thessalonica : and from transported specimens, is described by Andrews 

 repos. pi. 396. 



"417 B. C. = 9th year of Wei'-lie-wang " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Thirty-eighth 

 cycle. At this time, the men of the principality of Thsin wearing their swords on the side attached to 

 a girdle ; a custom borrowed by the Thsin family from the Tartars : walls were also built as a barrier 

 against the Thsin, by the princes of Wei and Tchou on their own frontiers (Pauth. 1S6). 



"416 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), unjust expedition against the Melians : who were barbarously punished 

 by the Athenians through a decree proposed by Alcibiades. 



Hardly later than this date (Soran., and Sm. b. d.), the physician Euryphon summoned to the 

 court of Perdiccas II. in Macedonia. Euryphon was aware of the difference between arteries and 

 veins, and considered the former as also containing blood — (Aurel. morb. chron. ii. 10). He is men- 

 tioned by the comic poet Plato (Gal. comm. in Hippocr. vii. 44). 



Sisymbrium irio of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain rock gentle or 

 rock-gallant (Ainsw.), or London rocket from springing up abundantly among the ruins left by the 

 great fire of 1667 (Kay 297, and Prior); and the EPYSIMON: AEIA of 2 Morb. 52, written by 

 Euryphon — (as appears from .in extract in Galen), may be compared : the " e>usimon " is described 

 by Theophrastus viii. 1. 4 to 7. 3 and caus. ii. 12 1 as fatty, having very small seeds, and sown 

 together with "sesamon;" ar.l the "erysimum" of Asia and Greece according to Pliny xviii. 22 

 differs from the "irionem'' only in being "pinguius " and is medicinal rather than esculent: S. irio 

 was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus ; by Delile, growing about Cairo ; and by Forskal 

 p. 118, among the mountains of Yemen (Steud.). Westward, the "ervsimon" is prescribed by Cel- 

 sus : S. irio is termed "erysimum latifolium majus glabrum " by Tournefort inst. 228; was observed 

 by Lenz in Italy ; is known to occur along walls and in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe 

 (Jacq. austr. pi. 322, Lam. fl. f*-., and Pers.), in Britain appearing in profusion after the removal of 

 soil near Berwick in 1847 (A. Dec), occurring also in other localities, but regarded by Watson as 

 not indigenous. u S. altissimnm caule non hispido" observed by Forskal near Marseilles, edible 

 and called "roquettes sauvages," may also be compared (See S. polyceratium). 



Hypericum crispum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "agouthoura" or " skou- 

 thritza" or "upSrikon" (Sibth.); in which we recognize the YTEPIKON of Euryphon 2 morb. 

 52 and 62, — of 1 Morb. mul. 610, Niger, growing according to Dioscorides prasf. and iii. 161 in 

 rugged places and cultivated ground: H. crispum was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, 

 frequent in waste and cultivated ground throughout Greece and the Creek islands. Westward, the 

 "hypericon" is identified in Syn. Diosc. and by Pliny xxvi. 53 and 93 with the " chamaepytin '' or 

 " corion :'' H. crispum is described by Boccone mus.ii.pl. 12; is termed "h. crispum triquetro et 

 cuspidato folio " by Tournefort inst. 255 ; and is known to grow in Southern Italy, Sicily, and Barbary 

 (Desf., Pers., and Lenz). 



Saponaria officinalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain soapwort 

 or fuller's herb (Prior), in France "saponaire" (Nugent), in Germany " seifenkraut," in Italy 

 "saponaria" and its root usid as soap (Lenz), in Greece " sapounohorton " or " kalostrouthi " 

 (Fraas), by the prophets " haliruton," in Egyptian " 6in6 " (Syn. Diosc.) ; in which we recognize the 

 STPOY6ION of Euryphon ■- (Soran. Ephes. mul.), growing on the shore of Andros & and its 

 root and fruit prescribed in Nat. mul. 29. Superfoet. 19, and 1 Morb. mul. 104, employed according 

 to Dioscorides medicinally as well as for washing wool, mentioned also by Lucian alexand. 12, and 



