290 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



in Egypt the imported berries " semmaq " (Del.), in Egyptian "routhin" (Kirch.) ; in which we 

 recognize the POY5 prescribed by Euryphon 2 morb. 28, — mentioned also by Antiphanes, Alexis, 

 by Theophrastus iii. 18. 5 as having conjugate elm-like leafets, by Dioscorides, Galen voc. hippoc, 

 the " r6us suriakos " in Geopon. xvi. 8, and " soumakin " by Nicolaus Myrepsicus i. 155: R. coriaria 

 was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople and 

 Smyrna ; by Pococke, and rabbi Schwarz, in Palestine ; and the imported berries, used in cookery as 

 well as in medecine, were seen in Egypt by Abd-allatif, Forskal mat. med. p. 150, and Delile. 

 Westward, tli e " rhus " and " rhus syriacum " are mentioned by Celsus, Columella xii. 41, Pliny, 

 and Macer Floridus : R. coriaria is termed " r. folio ulmi " by Tournefort inst. 611 ; was observed 

 by Lenz frequent on the Appenines ; and is known to grow as far as Southern France (Ludw. pi. 122, 

 Pers., and Spreng.). 



Chlora perfoliata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A gentianaceous plant called in 

 Old English earth-gall or more centory (Askham, and Prior) ; and the KENTAYPION or KENTAY 

 PIHS: KAPPON prescribed by Euryphon 2 morb. 52 to 57 — may be compared : the " kentaurion " 

 is described by Theophrastus iii. 3. 6 to iv. 5. 1. and caus. iii. 1. 3 as barren in the Elean plain but 

 bearing fruit on the neighbouring mountains, growing also in Northern climates, but not in wet 

 ground; the " pedgthronion " according to Nicander ther. 440 to 505 is yellow-flowered; and the 

 " kfintaurion xanthion " is prescribed by Alexander Trallianus viii. 12. 1 1 • C. perfoliata was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands. West- 

 ward, the "centaurea major" of Macer Floridus 53 is referred here by Lynacre, who further speaks 

 of its " leves lyke to the lesse centory, but more whyter, and yelowe flowers, and flowreth not but in 

 the top ; " and " eorth geallan " or " curmelle seo mare " occurs in the Anglo-Saxon translation of 

 Apuleius herb. 35 : C. perfoliata is described by M orison ; is termed " centaurium luteum perfoliatum " 

 by Tournefort inst. 123 ; was observed by Desfontaines in Barbary ; and is known to grow through- 

 out middle Europe as far as Britain (Hall., Engl. bot. pi. 60, and Pers.). Its qualities according to 

 Smith are similar to those of Gentiana and Erythrasa but weaker (Lindl.). 



Salvia pomifera of the East Mediterranean countries. A species of wild sage bearing edible 

 galls and called in Greece " phaskos " or " phaskomelia " (Sibth.) or "alisphakia" (Fraas), in 

 Egyptian " apousi " (Syn. Diosc.) ; and the EAEAIS*AKON prescribed by Euryphon 2 morb. 52, — ■ 

 allied to but having rougher leaves than the "sphakos " according to Theophrastus vi. 1. 4 to 2. 5, growing 

 according to Dioscorides in rugged places, a tallish branchy shrub with whitish leaves, strongly 

 fragrant, may be compared: S. pomifera is termed " s. cretica frutescens pomifera foliis longioribus 

 incanis et crispis " by Tournefort trav. i. pi. 30 ; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, 

 frequent in rugged sunny places from Crete and the Peloponnesus throughout Greece and the Greek 

 islands, and tea made of the leaves ; is known to grow also in Syria (Pers.). Westward, the 

 " Sledisphakon " or " edaphovoskon " or " kiosmin " or " phagnon " or " vehion " is identified in Syn. 

 Diosc. with the "kosalon" or "salvia" of the Romans; and the "altera bechion " resembling 

 "verbasco " (transl. "phlomis " ?) and by some called "salvia" is enumerated by Pliny xxvi. 17 as 

 medicinal. " S. triloba," termed " s. baccifera" by Tournefort inst. 180 and ■' s. cretica pomifera 

 Clusii flore albo " cor 10, is regarded by Fraas as not distinct. 



Amaracus diclamnus of Crete. Called in English drug-shops dittany of Cnte (Lindl.), in 

 Italian gardens " dittamo cretico " or"dittamo di candia " (Lenz), on Crete " stomatohorton" (Sibth ); 

 in which we recognize the AIKTAMNOS of Euryphon — (Soran. Eph. mul. 22), the Hippocratic 

 writings, Aristotle an. ix. 16, peculiar to Crete and rare there according to Theophrastus ix. 16. 1, 

 mentioned also by Antigonusof Carystus, Andromachus, Damocrates, and known to Virgil, aen. xii. 412, 

 Dioscorides, and Pliny xxv. 53, as growing only on Crete : A. dictamnus is described by Dodoens 

 pi. 2S1 (Spreng.) ; is termed "o. creticum latifolium tomentosum seu dictamnus creticus " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 199; and was observed by Sibthorp only on the rocks of Crete. Imported "dictamnus 

 cretensis " was found by Alpinus, and Forskal mat. med., employed medicinally in Egypt: farther 

 North, according to Lindley, was "once in much repute among the Greeks and Romans but not 

 now used." 



Iris Florentina of the Mediterranean countries. The imported root is called in Britain orris-root 

 (Lindl.), in Germany " veilchenwurz " (Fraas), and perforated pill-like fragments in Egypt " hab el 

 kei"(Forsk. mat. med.); in which we recognize the I PI*: I A A YP I K H of Euryphon — (Soran. Eph. 

 mul. 22), 2 Mul. morb. 673, Dromo, the only spice according to Theophrastus iv. 5. 2 and ix. 7. 3 

 that Europe produces, growing of the best quality in Illyria and about the Adriatic : " irinon murdn " 

 is mentioned by Cephisodorus ; the fragrant-rooted " iris " is mentioned also by Didymus, Dioscorides, 

 Athenaeus, is prescribed by Galen, and Paulus Aegineta, and the cultivation of '■ iris illurike" is 

 mentioned in geopon. xi. 21 : I. Florentina was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the 

 Peloponnesus to Rhodes. Westward, the "iris" or "iris illurike" is identified in Syn. Diosc. with 

 the "rathix marika" or " opertritos " or "konsSkratrix " of the Romans; and the "iris" and 



