292 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"410 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, M. Aemilius Mamercinus and C. Valerius Potitus Volusus 

 consuls, an agrarian law proposed by M. Maenius tribune of the people. 



•'409 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, Cn. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus consuls; 

 plebeians for the first time quaestors, three of the four. 



" In the same year" (Blair), the Carthaginians after entering Sicily and destroying Selinus and 

 Himera, repulsed by the Syracusan general Hermocrates. 



" 408 B. C." (Clint, ii. p. 87 = 414 — " 6 years " of both Maneth. tables, erased in this place in 

 the Egyptian Chronicle), Amurteos succeeded by Nephe'rites, head of the Twenty-ninth or Mendesian 

 dynasty. NepheVites is historically mentioned by Diodorus xiv. 79 : and the hieroglyphic ovals of 

 king Naifaurut occur at Medinet-Abu, and on a sphynx now in Paris (Glid. analect., and Leps. 

 k. pi. 50). 



" In this year" (Sm. b. d.), at Athens, exhibition of the tragedy of Orestes by Euripides. The 

 pronunciation of the 269th line by the actor Hegelochus, was ridiculed by the comic poets Plato, 

 Aristophanes, Sannyrion, and Strattis. 



The TPQTE^ of Strattis — is referred by Photius to the "theria in ospriois " or pea-bug, 

 Bruchus pisi ; an insect mentioned also by Theophrastus : and brought by European colonists to 

 Northeast America, where it has multiplied and caused much damage. 



Doronicum pardalianch.es of mountains in Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A com- 

 posite plant called in Germany "gemswurz " (Fraas), in Greece '' skorpithi " (Sibth.) ; in which we 

 recognize the " skorpion " identified by Theophrastus with the " theluphonon," and through Syn. 

 Diosc. iv. 78 with the KAMMOPQ of Strattis, — and " akoniton " of Dioscorides : the "thelu- 

 phonon" is described by Theophrastus ix. 18. 2 as growing in shaded situations, and geniculate in 

 the manner of " agrostis : " the "akoniton" according to Dioscorides has roughish " siku6 "-like 

 leaves, is mixed in soothing applications for the eyes, and in the added Synonyms is further identified 

 with the " parthaliaghSs : " the " darunaj " is mentioned by Ebn Baitar as growing on the mountains 

 near Bairut ; D. pardalianches was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in moist 

 shaded situations on mountains from the Peloponnesus to Asia Minor ; and "doronicum " root was 

 found by Forskal mat. med. employed medicinally in Egypt. Westward, the account of the "thely- 

 phonon " called "scorpion," or " aconiton " called " pardalianches " by Pliny xxv. 75 to xxvii. 2, 

 seems chiefly taken from the Greek : D. pardalianches is described by Dodoens pi. 437, and Gerarde 

 621 ; is termed " d. maximum foliis caulem amplexantibus " by Tournefort inst. 488; is known to 

 grow wild on the mountains of Italy and middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 350, and Pers.), but in Hol- 

 land, Britain, and Denmark, seems only naturalized (Wats., Fries, and A. Dec). Is enumerated by 

 Lindley as "reported to be -a poisonous plant." (See Marsdenia erecta.) 



Delphinium peregrinuut of the Mediterranean countries. A species of larkspur called in Greece 

 " linarithra " (Sibth.) : the plant in question — is perhaps the " kamaros " or " paraUisis," identified in 

 Syn. Diosc. iii. 77 with the " thelphinion ; " growing according to Dioscorides in rugged sunny places, 

 its leaves divided, flower like that of "ISukoio " (Viola canina) and purplish, pods containing millet- 

 like seeds employed against scorpion stings, and referred here by Sibthorp, and Fraas : D. pere- 

 grinum was observed by them in the situations described by Dioscorides frequent throuo-hout 

 Greece and the Greek islands ; by Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt ; is known to grow 

 also in Palestine (Pers.). Westward, the " thelphinion " or " thelphinias " or " uakinthos " is identi- 

 fied in Syn. Diosc. with the "voukinos minor" of the Romans; D. peregrinum is described by 

 Morison xii. 4 ; is termed " d. latifolium parvo flore " by Tournefort inst. 426 ; and is known to <row 

 from Malta and Sicily as far as France (Allion. pi. 25, and Pers.). 



Salvia sclarea of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain clary or seebright, trans- 

 lated by apothecaries " Godes-eie " or " oculus Christi " (Prior): the QKIMON leaves of Strattis, 

 — "6kim6n" or " 6kum6n " of Eubulus, Polemon diaet. ii. 25, Philistion, Plistonicus, Diodotus, and 

 Athenaeus ii. p. 68, a cultivated potherb according to Theophrastus vii. 1. 2 to caus. v. 7. 2 flowering 

 from below upward and having a long woody root, woody stem, and degenerating into erpullos," may 

 be compared: the " ocimum " is regarded by Chrysippus as unfit for food and not clarifying the 

 eyes (Plin. xx. 48) ; weakens the sight according to Dioscorides if eaten copiously but the juice clari- 

 fies the eyes, eaten also in Libya ; is mentioned by Galen ; is identified by Serapion with the "bade- 

 rudsch" (Spreng.), and the " badsarudsch " is mentioned by Ebn Baitar : S. sclarea was observed 

 by Sibthorp in cultivated ground in Bithynia ; is known to occur also in Syria (Pers.). Westward, 

 the "ocimum" is mentioned as cultivated in Italy by Cato, Varro, Sabinus Tiro, Persius, Columella, 

 Pliny, Palladius, its flowers according to Gargilius Martial purple or rose-coloured or sometimes 

 white: the " sclareia " is mentioned in the capitularia of Charlemagne, and by Walafridus Strabus 

 p. 225 (Spreng.) : S. sclarea is described by Lobel pi. 556 ; is termed " sclarea " by Tournefort inst. 

 179; is known to occur in Italy (Pers.); is cultivated throughout middle Europe, and eye-salves 

 made of it are mentioned by Gerarde p. 627, and Prior. (For " silvestri ocimo " or " agrios vasilikos " 

 or wild clary see S. verbenaca.) 



