304 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Capitolinus having left the patricians and endeavouring to incite insurrection, accused of treason, con- 

 demned, and put to death. 



" The same year " (Diodor. ii. 32, and Clint.), return of Ctesias from the court of Artaxerxes II. 



Ctesias brought accounts of a bird in India " that could talk like a man, and even speak Greek 

 if it had learned the language : " clearly the parrot, Psittacus ; further described, as in part " of the 

 colour of kinnabar " (Chinese vermilion). To this time therefore, the parrot remained unknown in 

 Greece. — The " vittakous " of Eubulus (Athen.) is-admitted to be this bird ; " sittakous having the 

 human voice," were seen in India by Nearchus ; the " psittacus eoi's imitatrix ales ab indis," is men- 

 tioned by Ovid ; the " humanse solers imitator psittace linguae," by Statius ; and in the days of Arrian 

 ind. 15, parrots were familiarly known in the Mediterranean countries. 



Calamus fasciculatus of the valleys of the Himalaya from Cuttack to Bengal. Affording rattan 

 canes, and called in Bengalee " buro-bet," in Tamil " paramboo " (Drur.) ; the K A A A M £ : APPHN 

 growing according to Ctesias along the Indus, strong and having no ENTEPIQNHN, — described 

 by Theophrastus iv. 11. 13 as " steY£os " solid, maybe compared: the " nadeya " or " vidula " or 

 "sita" of Susrutas chik. 1, is referred here by Hessler : C. fasciculatus is described by Roxburgh 

 iii. 779 ; and according to Royle, and Drury, the stems are exported from the valleys of the Hima- 

 laya into the plainSj are about as thick as the forefinger and are used as walking-sticks. (See C. 

 rotang.) 



Terminalia catappa of Tropical Eastern Asia. The Indian almond is a lofty tree called in 

 Tamil "nattoo vadamcottay," in Telinga " vadam," in Bengalee " badam " (Drur.), in the environs 

 of Bombay " buddum '' (Graham) ; and the K A P Y I N S2 oil used according to Ctesias 1 1 by the Indi- 

 ans, — maybe compared: the sacred " ingudi " fruit yielding according to Kalidasa sacont. healing 

 oil that makes the hair shine (transl. W. Jones), mentioned also by Susrutas chik. 1 and 18 to kalp. 

 6, is referred here by Hessler : T. catappa was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 3 in Malabar ; by Graham, 

 "common in gardens and about houses, Bombay," clearly planted as observed by myself ; by Rox- 

 burgh, Wii;ht, and Drury, under cultivation in other parts of Hindustan, the oil expressed from the 

 seeds edible and pleasant-tasted, very like almond-oil both in taste and smell. Farther West, was 

 observed by myself planted at Muscat and on Zanzibar; by Clot-Bey 138, in the gardens of Egypt. 

 Eastward from Hindustan, is enumerated by Mason as indigenous in Burmah ; was observed by 

 Blanco on the Philippines, in former times used for dyeing, and to the present day planted and called 

 in Tagalo " talisai," in (Bisaya) " talisai " or " dalasa " or " banilac " or " nato " or " hitam," in Pam- 

 pango " calisai," in Ylocano " lugo " or " pandan ; " by myself, planted by the natives in the Malayan 

 archipelago and as far as the Feejeean and Tongan islands, conspicuous in the distance from its pro- 

 jecting tapering summit of sparse horizontal branches. By European colonists, was carried to the 

 West Indies (Descourt. pi.. ). T. Moluccana, called in Sanscrit " kala-drooma," observed by 

 Roxburgh ii. 433 in the mountainous countries Northeast of Bengal, and substituted in Hindustan for 

 T. belerica (Lindl.), is given as a distinct species. 



Cycas circinalis of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. The sago-plant is 

 called in Telinga " wara-gudu," in M a l a t> ar " todda-pana " (Drur.) ; and the Indian $ I N I K ES of 

 Ctesias bearing dates three times larger than the Babylonian, — may be compared : C. circinalis was 

 observed by Graham "in gardens Bombay, introduced from the Eastern Islands," by Lush, "the 

 common tree from Tellicherry to the foot of the Ghauts ; " by Rheede iii. pi. 13 to 21, in Malabar, 

 its vitality such that on being planted again after one or two years removal it will revive and grow : is 

 very abundant according to Drury in the forests of Malabar and Cochin, and a kind of sago prepared 

 from the nuts is much used by the poorer classes and forest tribes. Farther West, was observed 

 by myself by the seaside on Zanzibar, natives on the spot asserting that it abounds and is a common 

 esculent on the Comoro Islands. Eastward from Hindustan, was observed by Mason 424 to 506 

 indigenous in Burmah and called " mu-daing," frequent on the mountains in various districts and 

 producing "a gum like gum tragacanth ;" by Loureiro ii. 632, in Anam ; by Blanco, on the Philip- 

 pines, growing spontaneously on the mountains as well as planted by the natives, called in Tagalo 

 "patubo" or " pitogo '' or "bitogo," and its fruit sometimes eaten; by Rumphius i. pi. 22 to 23, 

 abounding on the Moluccas and the fruit eaten (Lindl.) ; by myself, seemingly wild in the Malayan 

 archipelago, in wild situations on the mountains of Ovolau, one of the Feejee Islands, but carried 

 by the natives to Tongatabu and cultivated there. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast 

 America, where it has become frequent in greenhouses. (Compare also Diospyros kaki.) 



Rosa Damascena of Central Asia. Called in English gardens Damask rose (Drur.). in French 

 "rosier des quatre saisons " (Pers.) ; and the KAPPION, in Greek M Y PO PO A A, described by 

 Ctesias as a tree exuding drops of oil collected and kept in AAABA^TPOY^its fragrance so power- 

 ful that it can be perceived at the distance of five stadia, — may be compared: the account by Mark 

 xiv. 3, and John xii. 3, of the costly " narthos " filling the house with its odour, is eminently descrip- 

 tive of attar of rose : R. Damascena according to Royle him. 203 is the most esteemed and is culti- 



