OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



319 



"The same year" (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, C. Marcius Rutilus and Cn. Manlius Capitolinus 

 Imperiosus consuls, C. Licinius fined for violating his own law, having acquired too much public 

 land. 



"Aug. 9th" (Plut., and Clint.), eclipse: Dion immediately afterwards sailing from Zacynthus 

 for Sicily : 



"356 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, M. Fabius Ambustus and M. Popilius Laenas consuls; the 

 Etruscans defeated by C. Marcius Rutilus the first plebeian dictator. 



"In this year," defeat and death of the historian Philistus, and expulsion of Dionysius II., 

 Dion establishing himself as king at Syracuse. — He reigned less than four years. 



Euphorbia falcata of the Mediterranean countries. The nEllAOS prescribed by (Leo- 

 phanes) Superfoet. 19, — and Paulus Aegineta, spreading on the ground according to Dioscorides 

 in gardens and vineyards, and identified in the added Synonyms with the " suken " or " mek<5na 

 aphr6the," is referred here by Sibthorp : E. falcata was observed by Sibthorp, and D'Urville (Bory), 

 in vineyards and cultivated ground in Greece and on the Greek islands. Westward, the account by 

 Pliny xxvii. 93 of the "pgplis" or "sycen" or "meconion" or " mecona aphrode " seems taken from 

 Dioscorides : E. falcata is described by Barrelier pi. 751 ; is termed "tithymalus annuus supinus folio 

 rotundiore acuminato " by Tournefort inst. 87 ; was observed by Boccone xxiv. pi. 13 in Sicily, and is 

 known to occur in cultivated ground in Southern and as far as middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 121, 

 Pers., and Lindl.). 



Euphorbia peplus of Europe and Northern Asia. An allied species called in Italy "rogna" or 

 "fico d' inferno" (Lenz), in Greece "galazitha" (Sibth.), in Egypt "maelske," in Yemen " sabia " 

 or "subbejd" (Forsk.) ; and possibly the "suken" of Syn. Diosc. and " pSplos " in question: — • 

 E. peplus was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in vineyards and cultivated ground from the 

 Peloponnesus throughout Greece and the Greek islands ; by Forskal, and Delile, in Egypt ; and 

 by Forskal among the mountains of Yemen. Westward, is described by Bauhin hist. iii. 670, and 

 Morison x. pi. 2; is termed "t. rotundis foliis non crenatis " by Tournefort inst. 87 ; was observed 

 by Lenz in Italy ; and is a " weed in cultivated ground " throughout middle Europe as far as Britain 

 (Engl. bot. pi. 959, Pers., and Lindl.). Eastward from Greece, was observed by Thunberg in various 

 parts of Japan, but no native name is given. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast Amer- 

 ica, where it continues in "waste places in the Eastern States, rather rare" (A. Gray). Its medi- 

 cinal properties according to Lindley are "the same as in E. falcata." 



"355 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, C. Sulpicius Peticus and M. Valerius Poplicola consuls, both 

 of them patricians in violation of the Licinian law. 



"354 B. C." (Sm. b. d ), at Rome, M. Fabius Ambustus and T. Ouinctius Pennus Capitolinus 

 Crispinus consuls, again in violation of the Licinian law both of them patricians. League with the 

 Samnites. 



Sargassum natans of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The $YKOS of the Scyla- 

 cean Periplus — is referred here by Sprengel : S. natans is termed "f. folliculaceus serrato folio" 

 by Tournefort inst. 568 ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Bory, floating at sea from Cadiz throughout 

 the Mediterranean to the Greek archipelago and the Propontis ; and is known to occur in frequent 

 tufts throughout the Gulf Stream to the terminal accumulation called the " Sargasso Sea," and is 

 sometimes driven Northward as far as the coast of Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 1967). 



Laminaria bulbosa of the Mediterranean. A species of sea-belt (Prior) or kelp : and the 

 *YKOS of Scylax p. 126 — is further identified by Sprengel with the "zfistera;" described by 

 Theophrastus iv. 6. 2 as " platuphullon taini6£ith£s " and having an onion-like root, referred 

 here by writers : L. bulbosa is described by Turner, and Lamouroux, and was observed by Fraas 

 on the coast of Attica. L. Blosevillii, four to eight feet long, and according to Bory formerly dis- 

 covered by Bloseville among the Greek islands, may also be compared. 



"353 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, C. Sulpicius Peticus and M. Valerius Poplicola again consuls. 

 War against the Tarquinians and Caere ; and a truce made with Caere for a hundred years. 



"In this year" (Diodor., and Clint.), death of Mausolus king of Caria. — His memory was 

 consecrated by his widow Artemisia by a tomb much celebrated for its magnificence ; and the origin 

 of our English word "mausoleum." 



"352 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, P. Valerius Poplicola and C. Marcius Rutilus consuls, 

 " quinqueviri mensarii " appointed for a general liquidation of debts. 



"351 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, C. Sulpicius Peticus and T. Ouinctius Pennus Capitolinus 

 Crispinus consuls, the first plebeian censor C. Marcius Rutilus ; war against Tarquinii, and a truce 

 for forty years granted. 



" In this year " (Blair), Sidon besieged by a Persian army, and burned by its inhabitants ; involving 

 in the flames their own destruction. 



The same year (= 369 — " 18 years"), end of the Egyptian Chronicle. 



